The christmas holiday pagan
The pagan roots of Christmas
Elena Savino Jubal publisher
of the sun that seems inexplicable to the date of Christ's birth is unknown. The Gospels indicate neither the day nor the year [...] was assigned the date of the winter solstice because that day when the sun begins its return to northern skies, the pagans who worshiped Mithras celebrated the Dies Natalis Solis Invicti (the birthday of the invincible sun).
- New Catholic Encyclopedia Franciscan Order (1941) -
During the research of information and documents regarding the pagan origins of Christmas, what is surprising is that the date of December 25, before he became famous as the birthday of Jesus ", was a feast day for the peoples of different cultures and religions very far apart in time and space.
The origins of these ancient cults to be found in what is the "beginning" of life on earth and that "the beginning" has been the object of veneration and worship of the sun.
the dawn of humanity, there was a full calendar of annual and seasonal festivals and rituals of reconciliation and renewal.
primitive peoples during the period of their lives were intimately tied to the "cycle of nature" because this depended on their own survival. At the time, the natural life seemed incomprehensible, threatening, powerful expression of forces to win, it was a magical world. The old man felt a part of that nature, but in a weak position. Therefore, through the ritual, trying to "make friends" with this or that force inherent in it.
the middle of this cycle was the star that the rhythm of the day, the "morning star" which determined the pace of fruiting and that affect all human life. For the latter, fearing that the sun does not arise more, reducing it to lose power in winter more and more its course in the sky, had experienced tragedy that threatened his life. So, had to be exorcised by rituals that were intended to avoid the sun does not rise more or less force to help in time.
is precisely from this that we can identify the origins of the rituals and festivals related to the winter solstice.
During these festivals were lit fires (custom that is found in the holiday tradition of burning log in the fireplace the night before) that, with their heat and their light, served to give strength to the weakened sun.
Often these rituals had to do with fertility and were thus related to reproduction. Hence the custom in ancient celebrations, dances and ceremonial propitiatory abundance and in some cases, as in ancient Celtic rituals and Germany, but also Greeks and Romans, the coupling during the holidays.
of the winter solstice
The word solstice comes from Latin solstitium, which literally means "sun stop" (from sol, "sun", and systematic, "stand still").
If we are in the northern hemisphere of the earth, in the days between December 22 to 24 can be observed as the sun seems to stand still in the sky, a phenomenon more evident as one approaches the equator. In astronomical terms, at the time the sun reverses its motion in the sense of "variation", ie reaches the point of maximum distance from the equatorial plane. The dark reaches its maximum extension of the night and the light of day minimum. You experience that is the longest night and shortest day of the year.
Immediately after the solstice, the daylight gradually returns to increase and the darkness of the night to fall to the summer solstice in June, when we have the longest day and shortest night of the year. The day of the solstice usually falls on 21, but for the reversal of the apparent solar motion is visible on the third / fourth the next day. The sun, therefore, the winter solstice arrives at its weakest phase in terms of light and heat, apparently plunged in darkness, but then returns to life and "invincible" on the same darkness. And on December 25 seems to be reborn, that is, has a new "Christmas."
This interpretation of "astronomical" may explain why December 25th is a date in this celebratory cultures and countries so far apart. It all begins with a careful observation of the behavior of the planets and the sun, and the old, it seems strange, well aware of the tools that allowed them to observe and describe movements and behavior of stars.
For example, in Maeshowe (Orkneys, Scotland) stands a mound dated (by the method of radiocarbon) 2750 BC Inside the mound is a stone structure with a long tunnel-shaped entrance. This Construction is aligned so that sunlight can shine and flow through the passage within the megalith, thus illuminating the back of the property. This happens at sunrise and the winter solstice.
of the origins of the Sun God compared
Without venturing comparisons in religious studies that require accurate, otherwise seem ridiculous, however, say that December 25 is associated with the day of birth or celebration of divine figures going back to centuries before of Christ.
Among others
The Egyptian god Horus
The mosaics and frescoes depicting images of Isis with Horus in her arms resemble the iconography Christian Madonna and child, so as to lead us to believe in the Christian era, for obvious reasons, some representations of Isis and Horus, often depicted as a child with the solar corona on the head, were probably "recycled".
The Indo-Persian god Mithras
With good peace of Gatto Trocchi, the cult of Mithra was the most competitive to Christianity and that Christianity was merged with syncretism. By the way, Mithras was also born of a virgin, had twelve disciples and was nicknamed "the Savior".
The Babylonian Tammuz and Shamas
In the days corresponding to December 25 today, in about 3000 BC, was celebrated Babylonian sun god Shamash. The sun god was called Utu in Sumerian and Akkadian Shamash. It was the sun god, justice and prediction, as the sun sees everything: past, present and future.
subsequently appeared in the cult of the Babylonian goddess Ishtar and her son Tammuz, who was considered the incarnation of the Sun the same way of Isis, Ishtar was also represented with her child in her arms. Around the head of Tammuz it featured a halo of 12 stars that symbolized the twelve zodiac signs.
is interesting to add that in this worship the god Tammuz dies to rise again after three days.
Dionysus
In the days of the winter solstice, was held in honor of Dionysus Lenaea a ritual feast called "the feast of wild women." The god who was celebrated "reborn" baby after being torn to pieces.
Bacab
was the Sun god in the Yucatan, it was believed to have been brought into the world of the virgin Chiribirias. The Inca sun god
Wiracocha
The Inca sun god was celebrated on the feast of the winter solstice Inti Raymi (celebrated on June 24 because the southern hemisphere, the seasons being reversed, the winter solstice falls precisely in June).
Obviously the first cited in this brief should have little impact on the creation of Christianity, let us remember a good time, was not created by Christ. With regard instead to the pre-Columbian solar worship is interesting to note the time and the sacred symbols are common to civilization so far apart. This should raise the suspicion often more of a common origin of religions through a comparative study of the same search for meaning in life. Instead, you blindly continue to lay on dogmatic beliefs and anthropomorphic, more or less explicitly intolerant of others.
The pagan roots of Christmas
Elena Savino - Jubal publisher
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Thursday, December 23, 2010
Saccharin Gallbladder
A book never reprinted
Rex Jesus by Robert Graves translation by Adriana Dell'Orto. - New York: Pocket Bompiani, 1986. - 485 p. , 19 cm. - (Pocket Bompiani. Narrative; 401)
There is another edition published by the Club of Publishers Limited.
Although there is a good interest in this historical novel no publisher has ever bothered to reprint it. What is certain is that the historical narrative theology of this text give this discomfort. I do not want to add more. Surely it can still be found in libraries. And then read it it's worth it.
Rex Jesus by Robert Graves translation by Adriana Dell'Orto. - New York: Pocket Bompiani, 1986. - 485 p. , 19 cm. - (Pocket Bompiani. Narrative; 401)
There is another edition published by the Club of Publishers Limited.
Although there is a good interest in this historical novel no publisher has ever bothered to reprint it. What is certain is that the historical narrative theology of this text give this discomfort. I do not want to add more. Surely it can still be found in libraries. And then read it it's worth it.
Sunday, December 19, 2010
Kates [playground Pierced
Verona and dirty business! Saramago
Verona. It speaks of mafia in Planning Commission. They control the politicians or judges? Go back to talk about the Mafia in Verona. This is done by this time (and for the first time) in a particularly sensitive topic: the Planning Commission of the City of Verona. The idea came from two journalistic work well done: a preliminary Michele Marcolongo on the theme of the great works in Verona and an interview with Francesca Lorandi chief prosecutor Mario Giulio Schinaia (See In Verona numbers 25 and 27 December). To bring up the organized crime in the planning commission was the Chairman of the Committee against the motorway link of Torricelle Alberto Sperotto, that among the various dangers of the massive public works construction site in Verona also sees potential to mafia infiltration. Here are his statements reported by local newspapers today, "the prosecutor Schinaia Sperotto quotes:" The Mafia is in Verona and invests in major projects. " We face an audit committee as in Milan for the Expo, because in the province of Verona are drawing works for 20 billion euro ". The answer to Enzo Flegel (Northern League) does not hesitate: "It is for the judiciary and the police to monitor." On this question and answer do two things. a) Planning Commission, there are people called to make decisions that move large amounts of money and if someone comes to tell you (because if not invented, but because it reads the newspapers) that maybe we should put up a safety net against the 'Ndrangheta can not get away with saying that the affairs of the Judiciary. b) The second consideration is that from the columns of our paper, the Judiciary Veronese said the opposite. We quote the words of the Chief Prosecutor Schinaia (in Verona on Dec. 27, page 25): "The administrative authority has the discretion to determine what are the public works to be done. And in the administrative structure, there are control centers that oversee the regularity of the procedures. The Judiciary can not check the correctness of each work: this is the business of politics. " You would agree, is to say. Still, the Planning Commission does not underestimate the danger simply by removing or minimizing the Mafia. Also not to go in the wrong for serious non-compliance.
George Montolli
Verona. It speaks of mafia in Planning Commission. They control the politicians or judges? Go back to talk about the Mafia in Verona. This is done by this time (and for the first time) in a particularly sensitive topic: the Planning Commission of the City of Verona. The idea came from two journalistic work well done: a preliminary Michele Marcolongo on the theme of the great works in Verona and an interview with Francesca Lorandi chief prosecutor Mario Giulio Schinaia (See In Verona numbers 25 and 27 December). To bring up the organized crime in the planning commission was the Chairman of the Committee against the motorway link of Torricelle Alberto Sperotto, that among the various dangers of the massive public works construction site in Verona also sees potential to mafia infiltration. Here are his statements reported by local newspapers today, "the prosecutor Schinaia Sperotto quotes:" The Mafia is in Verona and invests in major projects. " We face an audit committee as in Milan for the Expo, because in the province of Verona are drawing works for 20 billion euro ". The answer to Enzo Flegel (Northern League) does not hesitate: "It is for the judiciary and the police to monitor." On this question and answer do two things. a) Planning Commission, there are people called to make decisions that move large amounts of money and if someone comes to tell you (because if not invented, but because it reads the newspapers) that maybe we should put up a safety net against the 'Ndrangheta can not get away with saying that the affairs of the Judiciary. b) The second consideration is that from the columns of our paper, the Judiciary Veronese said the opposite. We quote the words of the Chief Prosecutor Schinaia (in Verona on Dec. 27, page 25): "The administrative authority has the discretion to determine what are the public works to be done. And in the administrative structure, there are control centers that oversee the regularity of the procedures. The Judiciary can not check the correctness of each work: this is the business of politics. " You would agree, is to say. Still, the Planning Commission does not underestimate the danger simply by removing or minimizing the Mafia. Also not to go in the wrong for serious non-compliance.
George Montolli
Sayings About Volunteer
the Cain! To understand the esoteric
Jose Saramago had started a blog where he wrote constantly, thus maintaining direct contact with its readers. From its pages had also objected to the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi for his policy [5]. Following this article, the publishing house Einaudi (Mondadori Group [6]) announced that it would not have published the collection of his writings on the blog called The notebook, which will still be published in Italy, but by Bollati Boringhieri [7]. Saramago's work is now published in Italy by Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore.
in 2009, with the release of her latest novel Cain, Saramago found himself arguing with the Portuguese Catholic church, criticizing the Bible, because it describes a God of vengeful, resentful, bad, unworthy of trust. "
The Vatican does not forgive even after the death yesterday (June 18, 2010) by José Saramago
The attack comes just at the bottom of the Osservatore Romano, in an article published today titled "The omnipotence (suspected) of the narrator" .
Jose Saramago - the newspaper of the Pope - "was a man and an intellectual of no admission metaphysics, nailed to the last in his stubborn belief in historical materialism, aka Marxism." Bilious statements that do not fit the alleged Christian charity, at least in the days immediately after death and heavy with these words. Saramago is acccusato of choosing "lucid" in autocollocarsi "on the side of the evangelical cornfield weeds."
occupuparsi Instead of saving souls now the Vatican also wants to intrude into the rough literary criticism, reviews> giving hasty and inappropriate on this great writer is now devoted to the history.
Jose Saramago had started a blog where he wrote constantly, thus maintaining direct contact with its readers. From its pages had also objected to the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi for his policy [5]. Following this article, the publishing house Einaudi (Mondadori Group [6]) announced that it would not have published the collection of his writings on the blog called The notebook, which will still be published in Italy, but by Bollati Boringhieri [7]. Saramago's work is now published in Italy by Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore.
in 2009, with the release of her latest novel Cain, Saramago found himself arguing with the Portuguese Catholic church, criticizing the Bible, because it describes a God of vengeful, resentful, bad, unworthy of trust. "
The Vatican does not forgive even after the death yesterday (June 18, 2010) by José Saramago
The attack comes just at the bottom of the Osservatore Romano, in an article published today titled "The omnipotence (suspected) of the narrator" .
Jose Saramago - the newspaper of the Pope - "was a man and an intellectual of no admission metaphysics, nailed to the last in his stubborn belief in historical materialism, aka Marxism." Bilious statements that do not fit the alleged Christian charity, at least in the days immediately after death and heavy with these words. Saramago is acccusato of choosing "lucid" in autocollocarsi "on the side of the evangelical cornfield weeds."
occupuparsi Instead of saving souls now the Vatican also wants to intrude into the rough literary criticism, reviews> giving hasty and inappropriate on this great writer is now devoted to the history.
Monday, December 6, 2010
Adding Springs To Utility Trailer
This is an image of Guido De Giorgio Maria Wolf, aka "Havismat" (1890-1957) A man of great knowledge. Rene Guenon chose him as the only continuation of his work, as agreed to hire him as the only disciple!
E 'duty Guido noted that Evola had with a dispute that came in court. This was the last "report" that came with Giorgio De qull'Julius well personified with his "sweet" man who was always full of himself, of his knowledge of his ignorance as well as in the preface that he wrote an essay for Bachofen. I believe that Evola had an "I egoic" very little control! The most reactionary right has found that person in some ways, the know-all that was to take abiatuato major blunders. But Giorgio De
certainly had the credentials to ascesci groped the mystical, to be completely detached from the power to free the soul, sacred and holy, which exists in every particular man!
they understood the intentions of the "Divine Comedy" and emphasizes the power and mystic initiation. A path leading to the real stars and love that bound men and infinitely small as the immensity of the cosmos to eliminate the time and contingency.
San Francisco is his brother!
Friday, December 3, 2010
Bang Bang On The Floor Baby
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The maze of boxwood in the municipality of Villa Valsanzibio Battaglia Terme (PD)
Esoteric Tradition and
of
Peter Nutrizio
Adapted from Journal of Traditional Studies No. 1, October - December 1961
That many words go to our days gradually losing their original meaning and legitimate and that many have lost the other for some time, this is a fact that escapes most sensitive of our contemporaries. The use of these terms becomes routine, rather than a need for an intellectual, now obeys only the demands of a more superficial (but no less dangerous) "suggestive," or even that no longer represents a convenient acquiescence to habits that you do not see the reason to get rid of when they are not, for various reasons, deliberately entertained. Such a state of confusion, which is only at the linguistic level and whose effects roots plunge deep into the mentality, is the first of the obstacles it encounters on its path groped anyone who wants a serious exchange of ideas in any environment. In an exchange of such words are the vehicle of ideas, their support sensitive, so to speak, and it is clear that the lack of a prior agreement on the value of terms must inevitably lead, as the minimal consequence, the misunderstandings which are then more difficult to eradicate. The topics that we intend to treat, as indeed you can see from the title-page, not with the special problems of linguistics that a report very mild, but we think it is worth to mention in primarily to the need for clarity of language, as this will allow us not to go back constantly to justify the insistence with which we pause to clarify, whenever it will be an opportunity, what is the meaning we give to some words in the course of this short note, and, of course, long articles and translations that appear in this magazine. We said that the confusion of words and the uncertainty of their use have causes, added that this confusion, like many others, has for us the meaning of a sign, and the way in which certain medical conditions are revealed to the eye doctor through a series of symptoms, so the mentality of an environment is reflected by a set of external manifestations of which language is a part. When certain realities no longer intervene to support, so to speak, the words which they represented as the outer garment, then I began the process of degeneration of the latter, similar to what must have led to the current situation. Such a process is carried out step by step and actually starts from intellectuals whose disappearance in a given environment has the effect that a building would fall for a cornerstone, allowing the confusion of creep in more and more fields large without meeting resistance from above that only he could oppose it. It is therefore strange that the very words a time more meaningful to have lost it first and more completely, so it's perfectly understandable, and it is equally clear that they own to do this you can return the legitimate content if you want to somehow help find the clarity that stands out as the first half to those who today do not have the confidence to just let flood chaos that surrounds them. The items that make up the title of this introductory article we are just two of the most abused, and whose real meaning seems to have been, at least in the modern West is completely forgotten for centuries, it seems indeed, judging from the pictures that today inspire our contemporaries, who a slow campaign has been waged against them, from a given period. The result was different in the two cases, this is true, but we must take into account the diversity of both content: if "treason", the Latin verb whose noun was delivered entirely in Italian, can be adapted to any object, even outside of nature, 'esoteric' is certainly a word much more embarrassing, because it implies a comparison, because of comparison itself. Esoteric (ie inner, hidden) was told that some schools teaching Greek imparted to his disciples who had come accede to the esoteric doctrine that was sent in such intellectual centers, and they all that leaked out was an adaptation, in this case philosophy, which was to take with respect to the inner doctrine, the role of a 'exoterism', ie something external. This philosophical teaching, exoteric or outward, therefore imply that the teaching and learning as something that produced internal and guaranteed at the same time, and was thus against a subordinate role, is perhaps one of the reasons why a ' age so superficial as ours, in which reality has been reduced to a phantasmagoria of images and movement, evoking a term that refers to something deep and real explanation is, as we said, very embarrassing. First of all may come to mind too much that science provides explanations of reality are not sufficient, and then, when this question is accepted as valid, it can put someone in the alternator to try something you have not noticed , and someone in the sad condition to recognize that, in the face, has nothing to give. "Tradition", we said, is rather less compromising, and in fact if the word "esotericism" has practically disappeared from the vocabulary - or just more remains on the lips of some eccentric, or worse, looking for a "success" in the mind the cheap - customs, customs, traditional beliefs it still feels relatively speaking often. Apart from that even in these cases the word has taken on a tinge ambiguous, often with disregard for the things to which you apply, especially in its modification 'traditional', is not this kind of tradition that we intend to address, the fact is that in reality, and despite appearances, this word, the meanings that correspond to the deeper meanings and more legitimate, in other words, more intellectual, is also missing, and what remains of it, with rare exceptions, is its just more as a sound painting that lends itself to certain manifestations of mental senility born again, his goodness, from the "progressive spirit" modern. What interests us is the only true tradition, which is closely related to the esoteric and so with pure intellectuality. We have mentioned certain esoteric Greek schools, of which all that is known is that it has existed, but this concept of teaching a doctrine in which only a few can access and whose ultimate goal is the ever deeper understanding of reality, was widespread among all peoples of antiquity, even in the West, and is still known today in the East. This restriction of teaching at an elite, small in numbers, by definition, is neither a fad nor obeys the sake of 'dominance' or "selfishness" as the Western sentimentality is always inclined to think so when you are in the presence of a hierarchical legitimate and efficient. Lent to all ages and all peoples' attitudes and their own psychological reactions, and their lack of principles, which derive ultimately from all the other shortcomings, the modern West are panicked when they come into contact with reality in any of its manifestations, and in good faith, at least in most cases, are unfair and unlawful that is not good for all that is good for someone. Less empirical (indeed absolutely no empirical, and therefore strictly scientific, to use another word that is widely misunderstood the normal way) and extremely realistic, the ancients knew that there are differences among men, and it is in this awareness of the diversity of humanity through which passes, differing in space and over time, which has its roots deep the concept of Tradition. It would not make any sense to talk about something that is passed down from age to age if you are not attributed to what was initially a superiority over what will be found later. And it is precisely this reality placed under the terms of tradition: the existence of a human condition characterized by conditions original intellectually different from those of later ages, and where the man was conscious relationship with the cosmic intelligence and its principle, and the possibility for individual who are qualified, to reconstruct it for themselves effectively, going some way to cycle to its origins, the means to implement this purpose and the doctrine, a reflection of the mental state of order and knowledge that characterized this era disappeared, are the contents of this transmission as well as the set of laws designed to maintain the exterior 'environment and human beings in harmony with the cosmic laws of which they are merely a particularization and application, and the special sciences, only applications of the doctrine also metaphysical order quota. In all civilizations is the normal idea of \u200b\u200ba task of paramount importance for the man, who can not meet without help going back to the very origin of humanity, symbolically and literally. The biblical concept of Eden is nothing but the representation of this reality, and in this respect no one could cite more clear in its symbolism that this step Ciuang-Tse: "... A gift from heaven and nature received at birth . Man's job is to try, from what I know, of learning what you do not know, to keep his life until the end of the year assigned by Heaven's own fault, no abbreviations. Knowing how this here its peak. And what will be the criterion for these assertions whose truth is not obvious? Certainty about what the rest of this distinction of the heavenly and the human in man? ... On the teaching of 'Guys'. They deliver the 'true knowledge' "that true knowledge that, expressed in different forms adapted to different conditions of time and place is, as we said, this at the bottom of all traditional civilizations, held by an elite that administers and forward, in obedience to laws cyclical it known to that individual for his mental and physical constitution can benefit from developing their own virtual and awakening the faculty deeper intellectual, in order to become in turn Guys and conscious contact with higher states of his being. Not claiming these few considerations that you have realized the complexity of the arguments that are the subject of our studies, our only intention was to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe subjects who will be treated in this magazine, but more point of view from which they will be taken into consideration. This is an unusual perspective for our day, and for this reason that we thought it useful to insist a bit 'on certain linguistic distinctions, we know from experience how difficult and tiring out of the closed circle of prejudice and of current opinion, the most frequently intellectually insignificant, and we realize that quest'inerzia mental confusion is particularly encouraged by the report we mentioned at the beginning. It's easy to discredit doctrines and views, especially when they bother, using four words well adjusted and completely meaningless, the only way to prevent and counter this offhand way, and unfortunately nowadays effectively, .. . analysis ('critical thinking' is that the furniture of that peculiar mode of action) is to provide to those who might be interested, because the elements can be drawn from himself conclusions and judgments. This we intend to do in these pages, providing translations of traditional texts, and republishing articles have appeared elsewhere in the Italian public is not, with rare exceptions, learned, and finally explaining and clarifying the limits of our knowledge points not yet covered, always and exclusively in the light of the Doctrine traditional, outside of which any explanation is for us an illusion of depth and any attempt, in vain.
Zantzx For Quitting Smoking
The Celts a people invented
carried an article taken from Rex-Post, titled:
The Celts, a people invented
Mario Moir.
Overall I find it very interesting and opens up new knowledge
certainly be further explored, in any case interesting and stimulating essay
In the years between 1100 and 1200 it spread to Europe, the myth of the Holy Grail. Studies carried out on the history and literature of those times led to a radical review of the whole problem, documenting source east of the Persian area, with the addition of a leading player, Parsifal, based instead on the figure of a saint Tuscan Galgano Montesiepi.
Referring to the full text of this topic, here are some significant steps, dealing with the problem of the connection between the alleged Galgano and Celtic culture.
Scholars of the Holy Grail rush for over eight centuries, demonstrating that everything 'regarding the Round Table comes from the tradition of the Celts. To the extent that Galgano is approached, even in mildly and subject to Matter of Britain, can not 'miss the temptation to involve him in the Sagas of the North.
Approaching to the "Celts" opens an important question about what they were really the Celts and their historical existence. We approach the problem step by step and we assume that they really existed, with its own set of cultural symbols and historical events.
Note, for more 'parts, that the location of Montesiepi, where stands the monastery of San Galgano, perhaps alludes to a sacred place, surrounded by hedges, hidden from the uninitiated, that could not participate in secret rites. This tradition of fencing holy places (we continue to support) was typically Celtic. It follows that the rock, where he planted the sword of the saint, could be the center of an ancient sacred worship, probably Celtic.
As the argument is tenuous or insufficient 'shown by the fact that this tradition belongs to the customs of all peoples. Even the Italian word "paradise" derives from the Persian "pair - daeza" or "walled garden" brings to this custom spread to the east. But the supposed Celtic
track has more elements. The old name of
Montesiepi Cerboli was, reminiscent of the Deer, a sacred animal to the Celts identified with the god Cernumno, involving the nearby village of Cerbaia. Again and 'hard not to notice that a deer park and' expensive even to Buddhist tradition, and not 'undisputed prerogative of the Celts.
Near Montesiepi then there is the location 'of Brenna with roots similar to Bran, the Celtic hero, or "brenna" ritual sacrifice of drowning victims celebrated, it is said, by the Druids.
Some say that the circles also consist of white stone and red brick, the roof of the Rotunda, and 48 are reminiscent of the circular Celtic decorations, adding a marginal way in which these circles may be connected with a representation of the "wave form", ie positive and negative radiation emitted by an architectural structure.
Not far from the Rotunda, there is still a striking Celtic cross, carved in stone, prepared or revised in recent times, that stands in a field, visible from the adjoining road.
You want to find something at any cost Celtic, in short, in this sunny corner of Tuscany.
Actually 'with the connection between Celtic culture on the one hand, and the Grail Galgano or other, must be reviewed from different angles.
The possible presence of so-called Celts, as well as' symbols of Celtic culture and the alleged nell'etrusca Tuscany There should be no surprise. Transit and transfer of cultural or artistic elements between the regions of medieval Europe and 'well known and accepted. The charming church of Sant 'Antimo, not very far from Chiusdino, presents graphic tracks belonging to the category of "nodes" known as Celtic.
find traces of such elements or around Europe, including Irish fairy tales, in the decorations of a Romanesque portal in the poetry of Aquitaine, in Breton legends, like the Grail, it should not be surprised but not proof of belonging to the Celtic tradition, with its wealth of magical rituals or bloody. Hard to believe that in most Christian church of Saint Antimo will celebrate Celtic rituals with sacrifices of animals, based on the presence of Celtic knots on some side door of the church. We
even go more 'in the' does not mean that, in the story of Dionysius (this is the mother of Galgano and are given the sentences she uttered in the process of canonization ed), lies a trace of truly pagan rituals and, because 'no', the Celtic tradition.
- My son, cold and 'excessive, intense hunger, the almost inaccessible place: how do you go?
"As we get closer, my son, that place is inaccessible because 'fenced and interdict those who do not belong to the sect who practice their faiths?"
All this' may have a meaning and an explanation, were it not rather a fact that the Celts, as such, never existed. Although
a question not strictly related to this text, the problem of the existence of the Celts allows important considerations.
It should be observed, paradoxically, that a huge number of historians and writers talk about the ancient Celts. It is worth name a few: *
Hecataeus of Miletus (540 - 475 BC) *
Herodotus (490-424 BC)
* Plato (428-348 BC)
* Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)
Teopompo * (378 - 300 BC) *
Ephorus (fourth century BC)
* Diodorus (IV century BC) *
Callimachus (320 - 240 BC) Polybius
* (205 -120 BC) *
Poseidonio (135-50 BC)
* Julius Caesar (102 - 44 BC) *
Strabo (63 BC - 20 AD) *
Livy (59 BC-17 AD) *
Propertius (47a.C - 16 AD)
* Dio Cassius (155-235 AD) *
AVIEN (IV century AD)
Despite all of them, not 'difficult to prove that the Celts did not exist as a nation or a people, and those who were called Celts, however, did not know of it.
"A woman who lived in Dorset, in the fourth century BC, a pagan priest in Ireland, the second century BC, a warrior of the Belgians in the first century BC, a child of the court of Hywel Dda in 950, a breeder Scottish Highlands in the sixteenth century AD, it would be highly surprised to be called Celts. " (1) For
indicate a people or a nation, or any aggregate of people, the term "Celtic", as used by the writers listed above, is valid 'ethnic little different from the term "barbarians", or "infidels", or "friendly" or any other term used to indicate a vague jumble of people considered "alien" but not specifically identifiable.
name, first, not a trustworthy source and defined. That great cloud of people we are talking about was called by the name of the Celts in the west, and the Galatians, to the east. The one and the other shared name with the word "Galli" the presence of two letters, or KL GL. This
'has prompted experts to derive their name from an ancient Indo-European root kal-(Sanskrit Kalay) does not fall far from Italian, meaning to get there, or from the root-gal, which in greek and 'associated with milk and white things (Italian Galaxy). (2)
We are in a rather wide range of meanings that range from invading white men, with endless possibilities' in between.
A quick survey about their characteristics can say, at least, that: *
not possess common physical characteristics: some people, "Celtic" were high, some low, some blond, some brown;
* did not have the common linguistic characteristics, if not those occurring in the municipality is also found in the Indo-greek, Judaism, nell'assiro Babylonian, Persian, Sanskrit or Latin, did not leave traces that can be defined literary
* had no religion, god ', common myths, homogeneous and shared were found in area "Celtic", as well four hundred deities';
* did not have well-defined style of artistic expression: the archaeological (Hallstatt, La Tene Golant, ...) to show more 'that the local people were suffering the effects of diffusion and imitation between a people and the' another, there
* 'agreement even on the list of tribes' or groups that can be included or excluded from the Celtic group: the debate as to whether Iberians, Aquitaine, Liguria, Veneto Germans and even (just to name a few) are considered "Celtic" or not;
* The set of costumes and customs included the industry's most 'complete with funeral (cremation, buried right, buried in a fetal position, data food for the vultures, ...), drank some wine, some not, some were opposed to the Romans, some not, some cared for the aesthetics, some not.
If we consider then that they had no consciousness of belonging to the great Celtic nation, real or imaginary, we should ask ourselves: can 'be defined as "Celtic" (or whatever) that a people scattered and not', does not know be and has no interest in the issue?
First Arises, at this point, two questions: * Which
alleged evidence and 'the whole castle was built of the Celts and their units' ethnicity?
* Apart from general statements of the authors listed above, and who 'was the author and creator of those Celts in which many now believe?
The first question may 'receive a prompt and concise answer: the tests were falsified in part and in part based on undoubted common cultural roots, which are certainly shared by the alleged Celts but also from all other peoples of European and Asian.
is known to scholars that the entire geographic arc ranging from India to the Iberian Peninsula, ranging from the Mediterranean to the North Sea, shares common cultural traits, called Indo-Europeans. As reflected in an endless
'of historical, artistic, archaeological and, especially, language.
It is found, for example, in the Latin word veritas, Italian Truth ', which contains the root Rt-Indian, Old Persian Arta, or in the Latin word Nomen, Italian name, English Name, Persian Namah.
Even the name has its roots in Paris nell'assiro Parisu Babylon, a place that separates, while the word Magus has its roots in a root from which the Indian Mak-German Machen, do, and Make the same as English. (3)
The flow and movement of peoples and ideas, since prehistoric times, resulted in a significant and demonstrable spread of common elements from India to Europe, to the islands of Europe, England, Ireland and Iceland. Beyond 'of every possible phenomenon of mass migration and violent invasion, the natural transmigration of ideas and ways of life and' traceable and documented fairly accurately.
In other words, beyond the 'Alps, beyond the borders of the world greek or roman, someone there and they moved the people, or Celts were others who shared the common Indo-European roots.
The second question (who created the Celts?) Demands a more 'complex, which here we will try' to summarize in a brief on what 'and that' happened in Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France. We note first of all, as a municipality, until the end of the first millennium AD in Europe there are significant processes of identity formation of 'national in form and manner that today allow us to speak of ethnicity'. Only reality 'in some way unifying and identifying and' the Roman Empire, with its culture and its gradual conquest. Attenuatesi disrupted the Roman Empire and the incursions of peoples from the east, at the beginning of the second millennium begin to form the first national aggregations in the modern sense, even under the pressure of those kings or rulers who wanted to establish and consolidate its own kingdom.
This process, which will suffer 'a further important development and consolidation in the XVII, XVIII, XIX, also demanded that the members of a certain "nation" had a clear perception of the concept of We and the concept of the Other, even enemies.
The relationship with the Roman past, which had been the bearer of civilization ', was somehow denied and lived with a hostility' cultural ostentatious. In any case, in order to give an identity ', it was necessary to distinguish them from unifying and all-encompassing culture that for too many centuries was the company's Latin and Roman. It was necessary to break with this decision report (while retaining all the benefits liabilities) which was perceived as an umbilical cord too long tolerated. You need to rebuild their own autonomous history, even at the cost of falsifying history. And the confusing cloud Celtic was an opportunity not miss.
In France, at the end of the first millennium, had now lost the momentum-European Charlemagne, who had chased unlikely cultural projects extended to the whole continent, with the help of Alcuin of York.
In a context marked by the rise of kingdoms and dominions, came suddenly an oriental tale, perhaps Persian, the name can Parsifal Namah, the story of Parsifal. The story, duly translated, arouse 'curiosity aroused' in small European courts in training, that they too would have liked to be refined, educated and mature as the Persian court at the time. Chretien de Troyes task 'rewriting of the story in favor of the court of Aquitaine, and try' likely to give more body to the figure of the hero, seizing the life story of a character who told the pilgrims who came from Tuscany, a Galgano. And the protagonist of the story were made Persian assume the role of the saint of Tuscany. Someone (Wolfram Eschenbach vn) would have to say, but while the game was done: the Breton area had built its own model and its coupling with an alleged past. With the help of the Cistercians and the consent of the Church.
resized and deleted the Cistercians, the Templars, too supranational to the new times, France effort 'to reaffirm and consolidate their identity' and its pre-eminence, even trying to move the papacy to Avignon.
the threshold of the Romantic period the abbot Paul Yves Pezron in 1730, interpreting the will 'francocentric wrote a work that, for our purposes, it is revolutionary and fundamental: the ancient' of the nation and the Gallic language. In this work, the Celts, that 'the Gauls, that' the Franks, that 'the French seized much body, tracing their genealogy to Gomer, the son of Japhet, son of Noah,' genealogy in which they are also the Titans , Saturn, Uranus, the Spartans. The Gauls
- Celts are so 'nos Ancetres now, our ancestors in all directions and with all the trappings, and the operation will continue' during the revolution, then by Napoleon I and Napoleon III, reaching the current political class, which continues to encourage the consolidation of the Celtic genre. And Rome had lost any right of paternity 'cultural, winning the title only of imperialist invader.
Wales hung on a complex situation, linked to a number of factors that would affect not just the official culture.
The first element 'consists of the already' said Godfrey or Geoffrey of Monmouth. This is a historical figure of uncertain origin, who speaks of himself as Gaufridus or Galfridus or Gaufrido de Monem, which enables the 'scholars has resulted in a more' reassuring Geoffrey of Monmouth, country allocations' Welsh. ( 4) Godfrey, or someone he had just invented a Welsh tradition (5), by deriving the name of prehistoric Britons from Brutus, pleasantly similar to that Brutus had stabbed Caesar.
Secondly, in early 1700, the writings of Paul Yves Pezron had attracted the attention of Edward Lhuyd, an Oxford scholar, who dreamed of a possible derivation of the Welsh language from a hypothetical, charming Celtic. And on this hypothesis had written pages that had left its mark in local thought, arguing that the Welsh and Britons descended from these, in turn, by the Celts.
He then added, in 1849, another text, now considered fundamental, made by Lady Charlotte Guest. It was an anthology of medieval Welsh tales, in which the author gave the name Mabinogi's oft-cited 'cause, among its pages, identify stories and figures that may have similarities with those of the Knights of the Round Table.
Lady Guest was part of a group of dedicated experts on the subject, or revitalize an image that shaped the historical and Welsh folk fictional but fascinating. In this environment
materialized: *
the myth of descent from Noah ', (6) Apparel
* the definition of witches (7) *
identification between druids and bards, (8) * The
attempt to build or rebuild an ancient Welsh language. (9)
part of this work 'cultural trying' to make configuration consistency and also to the figure of King Arthur '.
Ireland enjoyed a special situation, very enviable.
The Irish had behind him a cultural tradition of respect. It was said that they had succeeded in its territory at least six ancient dynasties of heroes. The last two are fundamental to local history, were the Thuata de Danaan (the tribe 'of the goddess Danaan) and Goidels, true ancestors of today's Ireland.
In this environment had emerged some mythical champions, as Cu Chulainn and Fionn. (10)
These legends, then resumed in the following centuries, gave a certain independence and self-confidence 'to the Irish culture, making it less urgent the search for a connection hypothetical Celts, the more so 'if invaders.
The Irish monks, while filtering out the legends to the Christian view, played a crucial role in the recovery of local traditions. Far from Rome, isolated in the magic of their monasteries, they provided a valuable contribution to the culture of their land but also to the whole of Europe and the world, collecting precious traces of antiquity ', by making beautiful illuminated manuscripts, sending them everywhere spiritual messengers: Columcille, Columbanus, Gall and others, who left substantial traces of himself 'from the British Isles to the south of Italy, reaching Iceland, Greenland and North America.
was they, among other things, to refine and disseminate those precious art forms related to the decoration of the codes, which are now perceived as a Celtic style.
The historical events that followed, especially the difficult relations with the neighboring Britain, repeatedly stimulated local pride, even in the Romantic period of the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, trying to give substance to the alleged identity 'Celtic island.
A separate question the merits of the Druids, the existence of which is built 'a number of theories substantially inaccurate or false, giving them roles, rituals and clothing that have no objective evidence before the eighteenth century.
Scotland was no exception. Up to the eighteenth century it had been the poor relation, in all the UK regions. Marginalized in some way from the South Welsh or English, was vaguely connected with the neighboring Irish. Lacked and did not share the traditions of great importance.
was so 'that in the eighteenth century and the twenty-first took place two phenomena:
1. what you can 'call a theft of traditions at the expense of Ireland;
2. the elaboration of a complex artifact of local elements, such as to make the Scottish tradition and autonomous with its own unique folklore.
The result of these operations can 'be so' synthesized: *
were collected and transferred into the Scottish ballads, Irish, giving substance to the figure of the alleged bard Ossian; (11) *
were invented the kilt of Scottish clans and their colors, however, operation performed after 1700, (12) *
was definitively established the Celtic root (or alleged) of the Scots.
The operation was somehow justified by the English kings, from the military (which I adopt 'kilts and bagpipes) and the entire nation, which was involved in political events, military and cultural based precisely on kilts and bagpipes, as well as' on clans, tartans, plaids and elements of its folklore.
Few today, in Britain and around the world doubt the genuineness 'and antiquity' of these alleged traditions.
Beyond 'the fantastic creations of time' or older, we can only repeat the question already 'made: it can' be defined as "Celtic" a hypothetical ancient people, scattered across an entire continent, which has no evidence of identity 'solid and municipalities, and does not know it, however, has no interest in one's own identity 'or supra-national, if not the occasional instrumental, produced by some jerk nationalistic or political?
Notes:
(1) the cue and 'Suddenly, with some modifications, by S. James - The Celts people op Atlantic. cit. p. 18.
(2) You can 'check the claims on works such as L. Rocci - Greek Italian Vocabulary - Dante Alighieri
Ed (3) The examples are displayed with a simplified way. It would be necessary, more 'correctly, report on studies done in relation to Sanskrit and its role in civilization' Indo-European, but that topic is beyond this text. See, for example. G. Semeraro - The origins of European culture - Florence 1984 - Olschki Ed, or HJ Stoerig - Abenteuer Sprache - Berlin 1987.
(4) See G. Agrati ML Magini (ed.) - Merlin, the enchanter - Ed Mondadori 1996, p..
348 (5) As we 'that, see Prys Morgan - The hunt for the Welsh past in eta' romantic - in The Invention of Tradition - Torino 2002 - Ed.Einaudi
(6) See the above-mentioned Prys Morgan, P.
67 (7) ibid p..
79 (8) ibid. p..
62 (9) ibid. p.. 70
(10) Vladimir Grigorieff - Les Mythologies du monde entier - Marabout Alleur 1987 Ed.It. Armenia page.
119 (11) Hugh Trevor Roper - The tradition of the Highlands of Scotland - in: The Invention of Tradition op.cit. pag21 et seq.
(12) Ibid. p.. 23
carried an article taken from Rex-Post, titled:
The Celts, a people invented
Mario Moir.
Overall I find it very interesting and opens up new knowledge
certainly be further explored, in any case interesting and stimulating essay
In the years between 1100 and 1200 it spread to Europe, the myth of the Holy Grail. Studies carried out on the history and literature of those times led to a radical review of the whole problem, documenting source east of the Persian area, with the addition of a leading player, Parsifal, based instead on the figure of a saint Tuscan Galgano Montesiepi.
Referring to the full text of this topic, here are some significant steps, dealing with the problem of the connection between the alleged Galgano and Celtic culture.
Scholars of the Holy Grail rush for over eight centuries, demonstrating that everything 'regarding the Round Table comes from the tradition of the Celts. To the extent that Galgano is approached, even in mildly and subject to Matter of Britain, can not 'miss the temptation to involve him in the Sagas of the North.
Approaching to the "Celts" opens an important question about what they were really the Celts and their historical existence. We approach the problem step by step and we assume that they really existed, with its own set of cultural symbols and historical events.
Note, for more 'parts, that the location of Montesiepi, where stands the monastery of San Galgano, perhaps alludes to a sacred place, surrounded by hedges, hidden from the uninitiated, that could not participate in secret rites. This tradition of fencing holy places (we continue to support) was typically Celtic. It follows that the rock, where he planted the sword of the saint, could be the center of an ancient sacred worship, probably Celtic.
As the argument is tenuous or insufficient 'shown by the fact that this tradition belongs to the customs of all peoples. Even the Italian word "paradise" derives from the Persian "pair - daeza" or "walled garden" brings to this custom spread to the east. But the supposed Celtic
track has more elements. The old name of
Montesiepi Cerboli was, reminiscent of the Deer, a sacred animal to the Celts identified with the god Cernumno, involving the nearby village of Cerbaia. Again and 'hard not to notice that a deer park and' expensive even to Buddhist tradition, and not 'undisputed prerogative of the Celts.
Near Montesiepi then there is the location 'of Brenna with roots similar to Bran, the Celtic hero, or "brenna" ritual sacrifice of drowning victims celebrated, it is said, by the Druids.
Some say that the circles also consist of white stone and red brick, the roof of the Rotunda, and 48 are reminiscent of the circular Celtic decorations, adding a marginal way in which these circles may be connected with a representation of the "wave form", ie positive and negative radiation emitted by an architectural structure.
Not far from the Rotunda, there is still a striking Celtic cross, carved in stone, prepared or revised in recent times, that stands in a field, visible from the adjoining road.
You want to find something at any cost Celtic, in short, in this sunny corner of Tuscany.
Actually 'with the connection between Celtic culture on the one hand, and the Grail Galgano or other, must be reviewed from different angles.
The possible presence of so-called Celts, as well as' symbols of Celtic culture and the alleged nell'etrusca Tuscany There should be no surprise. Transit and transfer of cultural or artistic elements between the regions of medieval Europe and 'well known and accepted. The charming church of Sant 'Antimo, not very far from Chiusdino, presents graphic tracks belonging to the category of "nodes" known as Celtic.
find traces of such elements or around Europe, including Irish fairy tales, in the decorations of a Romanesque portal in the poetry of Aquitaine, in Breton legends, like the Grail, it should not be surprised but not proof of belonging to the Celtic tradition, with its wealth of magical rituals or bloody. Hard to believe that in most Christian church of Saint Antimo will celebrate Celtic rituals with sacrifices of animals, based on the presence of Celtic knots on some side door of the church. We
even go more 'in the' does not mean that, in the story of Dionysius (this is the mother of Galgano and are given the sentences she uttered in the process of canonization ed), lies a trace of truly pagan rituals and, because 'no', the Celtic tradition.
- My son, cold and 'excessive, intense hunger, the almost inaccessible place: how do you go?
"As we get closer, my son, that place is inaccessible because 'fenced and interdict those who do not belong to the sect who practice their faiths?"
All this' may have a meaning and an explanation, were it not rather a fact that the Celts, as such, never existed. Although
a question not strictly related to this text, the problem of the existence of the Celts allows important considerations.
It should be observed, paradoxically, that a huge number of historians and writers talk about the ancient Celts. It is worth name a few: *
Hecataeus of Miletus (540 - 475 BC) *
Herodotus (490-424 BC)
* Plato (428-348 BC)
* Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)
Teopompo * (378 - 300 BC) *
Ephorus (fourth century BC)
* Diodorus (IV century BC) *
Callimachus (320 - 240 BC) Polybius
* (205 -120 BC) *
Poseidonio (135-50 BC)
* Julius Caesar (102 - 44 BC) *
Strabo (63 BC - 20 AD) *
Livy (59 BC-17 AD) *
Propertius (47a.C - 16 AD)
* Dio Cassius (155-235 AD) *
AVIEN (IV century AD)
Despite all of them, not 'difficult to prove that the Celts did not exist as a nation or a people, and those who were called Celts, however, did not know of it.
"A woman who lived in Dorset, in the fourth century BC, a pagan priest in Ireland, the second century BC, a warrior of the Belgians in the first century BC, a child of the court of Hywel Dda in 950, a breeder Scottish Highlands in the sixteenth century AD, it would be highly surprised to be called Celts. " (1) For
indicate a people or a nation, or any aggregate of people, the term "Celtic", as used by the writers listed above, is valid 'ethnic little different from the term "barbarians", or "infidels", or "friendly" or any other term used to indicate a vague jumble of people considered "alien" but not specifically identifiable.
name, first, not a trustworthy source and defined. That great cloud of people we are talking about was called by the name of the Celts in the west, and the Galatians, to the east. The one and the other shared name with the word "Galli" the presence of two letters, or KL GL. This
'has prompted experts to derive their name from an ancient Indo-European root kal-(Sanskrit Kalay) does not fall far from Italian, meaning to get there, or from the root-gal, which in greek and 'associated with milk and white things (Italian Galaxy). (2)
We are in a rather wide range of meanings that range from invading white men, with endless possibilities' in between.
A quick survey about their characteristics can say, at least, that: *
not possess common physical characteristics: some people, "Celtic" were high, some low, some blond, some brown;
* did not have the common linguistic characteristics, if not those occurring in the municipality is also found in the Indo-greek, Judaism, nell'assiro Babylonian, Persian, Sanskrit or Latin, did not leave traces that can be defined literary
* had no religion, god ', common myths, homogeneous and shared were found in area "Celtic", as well four hundred deities';
* did not have well-defined style of artistic expression: the archaeological (Hallstatt, La Tene Golant, ...) to show more 'that the local people were suffering the effects of diffusion and imitation between a people and the' another, there
* 'agreement even on the list of tribes' or groups that can be included or excluded from the Celtic group: the debate as to whether Iberians, Aquitaine, Liguria, Veneto Germans and even (just to name a few) are considered "Celtic" or not;
* The set of costumes and customs included the industry's most 'complete with funeral (cremation, buried right, buried in a fetal position, data food for the vultures, ...), drank some wine, some not, some were opposed to the Romans, some not, some cared for the aesthetics, some not.
If we consider then that they had no consciousness of belonging to the great Celtic nation, real or imaginary, we should ask ourselves: can 'be defined as "Celtic" (or whatever) that a people scattered and not', does not know be and has no interest in the issue?
First Arises, at this point, two questions: * Which
alleged evidence and 'the whole castle was built of the Celts and their units' ethnicity?
* Apart from general statements of the authors listed above, and who 'was the author and creator of those Celts in which many now believe?
The first question may 'receive a prompt and concise answer: the tests were falsified in part and in part based on undoubted common cultural roots, which are certainly shared by the alleged Celts but also from all other peoples of European and Asian.
is known to scholars that the entire geographic arc ranging from India to the Iberian Peninsula, ranging from the Mediterranean to the North Sea, shares common cultural traits, called Indo-Europeans. As reflected in an endless
'of historical, artistic, archaeological and, especially, language.
It is found, for example, in the Latin word veritas, Italian Truth ', which contains the root Rt-Indian, Old Persian Arta, or in the Latin word Nomen, Italian name, English Name, Persian Namah.
Even the name has its roots in Paris nell'assiro Parisu Babylon, a place that separates, while the word Magus has its roots in a root from which the Indian Mak-German Machen, do, and Make the same as English. (3)
The flow and movement of peoples and ideas, since prehistoric times, resulted in a significant and demonstrable spread of common elements from India to Europe, to the islands of Europe, England, Ireland and Iceland. Beyond 'of every possible phenomenon of mass migration and violent invasion, the natural transmigration of ideas and ways of life and' traceable and documented fairly accurately.
In other words, beyond the 'Alps, beyond the borders of the world greek or roman, someone there and they moved the people, or Celts were others who shared the common Indo-European roots.
The second question (who created the Celts?) Demands a more 'complex, which here we will try' to summarize in a brief on what 'and that' happened in Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France. We note first of all, as a municipality, until the end of the first millennium AD in Europe there are significant processes of identity formation of 'national in form and manner that today allow us to speak of ethnicity'. Only reality 'in some way unifying and identifying and' the Roman Empire, with its culture and its gradual conquest. Attenuatesi disrupted the Roman Empire and the incursions of peoples from the east, at the beginning of the second millennium begin to form the first national aggregations in the modern sense, even under the pressure of those kings or rulers who wanted to establish and consolidate its own kingdom.
This process, which will suffer 'a further important development and consolidation in the XVII, XVIII, XIX, also demanded that the members of a certain "nation" had a clear perception of the concept of We and the concept of the Other, even enemies.
The relationship with the Roman past, which had been the bearer of civilization ', was somehow denied and lived with a hostility' cultural ostentatious. In any case, in order to give an identity ', it was necessary to distinguish them from unifying and all-encompassing culture that for too many centuries was the company's Latin and Roman. It was necessary to break with this decision report (while retaining all the benefits liabilities) which was perceived as an umbilical cord too long tolerated. You need to rebuild their own autonomous history, even at the cost of falsifying history. And the confusing cloud Celtic was an opportunity not miss.
In France, at the end of the first millennium, had now lost the momentum-European Charlemagne, who had chased unlikely cultural projects extended to the whole continent, with the help of Alcuin of York.
In a context marked by the rise of kingdoms and dominions, came suddenly an oriental tale, perhaps Persian, the name can Parsifal Namah, the story of Parsifal. The story, duly translated, arouse 'curiosity aroused' in small European courts in training, that they too would have liked to be refined, educated and mature as the Persian court at the time. Chretien de Troyes task 'rewriting of the story in favor of the court of Aquitaine, and try' likely to give more body to the figure of the hero, seizing the life story of a character who told the pilgrims who came from Tuscany, a Galgano. And the protagonist of the story were made Persian assume the role of the saint of Tuscany. Someone (Wolfram Eschenbach vn) would have to say, but while the game was done: the Breton area had built its own model and its coupling with an alleged past. With the help of the Cistercians and the consent of the Church.
resized and deleted the Cistercians, the Templars, too supranational to the new times, France effort 'to reaffirm and consolidate their identity' and its pre-eminence, even trying to move the papacy to Avignon.
the threshold of the Romantic period the abbot Paul Yves Pezron in 1730, interpreting the will 'francocentric wrote a work that, for our purposes, it is revolutionary and fundamental: the ancient' of the nation and the Gallic language. In this work, the Celts, that 'the Gauls, that' the Franks, that 'the French seized much body, tracing their genealogy to Gomer, the son of Japhet, son of Noah,' genealogy in which they are also the Titans , Saturn, Uranus, the Spartans. The Gauls
- Celts are so 'nos Ancetres now, our ancestors in all directions and with all the trappings, and the operation will continue' during the revolution, then by Napoleon I and Napoleon III, reaching the current political class, which continues to encourage the consolidation of the Celtic genre. And Rome had lost any right of paternity 'cultural, winning the title only of imperialist invader.
Wales hung on a complex situation, linked to a number of factors that would affect not just the official culture.
The first element 'consists of the already' said Godfrey or Geoffrey of Monmouth. This is a historical figure of uncertain origin, who speaks of himself as Gaufridus or Galfridus or Gaufrido de Monem, which enables the 'scholars has resulted in a more' reassuring Geoffrey of Monmouth, country allocations' Welsh. ( 4) Godfrey, or someone he had just invented a Welsh tradition (5), by deriving the name of prehistoric Britons from Brutus, pleasantly similar to that Brutus had stabbed Caesar.
Secondly, in early 1700, the writings of Paul Yves Pezron had attracted the attention of Edward Lhuyd, an Oxford scholar, who dreamed of a possible derivation of the Welsh language from a hypothetical, charming Celtic. And on this hypothesis had written pages that had left its mark in local thought, arguing that the Welsh and Britons descended from these, in turn, by the Celts.
He then added, in 1849, another text, now considered fundamental, made by Lady Charlotte Guest. It was an anthology of medieval Welsh tales, in which the author gave the name Mabinogi's oft-cited 'cause, among its pages, identify stories and figures that may have similarities with those of the Knights of the Round Table.
Lady Guest was part of a group of dedicated experts on the subject, or revitalize an image that shaped the historical and Welsh folk fictional but fascinating. In this environment
materialized: *
the myth of descent from Noah ', (6) Apparel
* the definition of witches (7) *
identification between druids and bards, (8) * The
attempt to build or rebuild an ancient Welsh language. (9)
part of this work 'cultural trying' to make configuration consistency and also to the figure of King Arthur '.
Ireland enjoyed a special situation, very enviable.
The Irish had behind him a cultural tradition of respect. It was said that they had succeeded in its territory at least six ancient dynasties of heroes. The last two are fundamental to local history, were the Thuata de Danaan (the tribe 'of the goddess Danaan) and Goidels, true ancestors of today's Ireland.
In this environment had emerged some mythical champions, as Cu Chulainn and Fionn. (10)
These legends, then resumed in the following centuries, gave a certain independence and self-confidence 'to the Irish culture, making it less urgent the search for a connection hypothetical Celts, the more so 'if invaders.
The Irish monks, while filtering out the legends to the Christian view, played a crucial role in the recovery of local traditions. Far from Rome, isolated in the magic of their monasteries, they provided a valuable contribution to the culture of their land but also to the whole of Europe and the world, collecting precious traces of antiquity ', by making beautiful illuminated manuscripts, sending them everywhere spiritual messengers: Columcille, Columbanus, Gall and others, who left substantial traces of himself 'from the British Isles to the south of Italy, reaching Iceland, Greenland and North America.
was they, among other things, to refine and disseminate those precious art forms related to the decoration of the codes, which are now perceived as a Celtic style.
The historical events that followed, especially the difficult relations with the neighboring Britain, repeatedly stimulated local pride, even in the Romantic period of the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, trying to give substance to the alleged identity 'Celtic island.
A separate question the merits of the Druids, the existence of which is built 'a number of theories substantially inaccurate or false, giving them roles, rituals and clothing that have no objective evidence before the eighteenth century.
Scotland was no exception. Up to the eighteenth century it had been the poor relation, in all the UK regions. Marginalized in some way from the South Welsh or English, was vaguely connected with the neighboring Irish. Lacked and did not share the traditions of great importance.
was so 'that in the eighteenth century and the twenty-first took place two phenomena:
1. what you can 'call a theft of traditions at the expense of Ireland;
2. the elaboration of a complex artifact of local elements, such as to make the Scottish tradition and autonomous with its own unique folklore.
The result of these operations can 'be so' synthesized: *
were collected and transferred into the Scottish ballads, Irish, giving substance to the figure of the alleged bard Ossian; (11) *
were invented the kilt of Scottish clans and their colors, however, operation performed after 1700, (12) *
was definitively established the Celtic root (or alleged) of the Scots.
The operation was somehow justified by the English kings, from the military (which I adopt 'kilts and bagpipes) and the entire nation, which was involved in political events, military and cultural based precisely on kilts and bagpipes, as well as' on clans, tartans, plaids and elements of its folklore.
Few today, in Britain and around the world doubt the genuineness 'and antiquity' of these alleged traditions.
Beyond 'the fantastic creations of time' or older, we can only repeat the question already 'made: it can' be defined as "Celtic" a hypothetical ancient people, scattered across an entire continent, which has no evidence of identity 'solid and municipalities, and does not know it, however, has no interest in one's own identity 'or supra-national, if not the occasional instrumental, produced by some jerk nationalistic or political?
Notes:
(1) the cue and 'Suddenly, with some modifications, by S. James - The Celts people op Atlantic. cit. p. 18.
(2) You can 'check the claims on works such as L. Rocci - Greek Italian Vocabulary - Dante Alighieri
Ed (3) The examples are displayed with a simplified way. It would be necessary, more 'correctly, report on studies done in relation to Sanskrit and its role in civilization' Indo-European, but that topic is beyond this text. See, for example. G. Semeraro - The origins of European culture - Florence 1984 - Olschki Ed, or HJ Stoerig - Abenteuer Sprache - Berlin 1987.
(4) See G. Agrati ML Magini (ed.) - Merlin, the enchanter - Ed Mondadori 1996, p..
348 (5) As we 'that, see Prys Morgan - The hunt for the Welsh past in eta' romantic - in The Invention of Tradition - Torino 2002 - Ed.Einaudi
(6) See the above-mentioned Prys Morgan, P.
67 (7) ibid p..
79 (8) ibid. p..
62 (9) ibid. p.. 70
(10) Vladimir Grigorieff - Les Mythologies du monde entier - Marabout Alleur 1987 Ed.It. Armenia page.
119 (11) Hugh Trevor Roper - The tradition of the Highlands of Scotland - in: The Invention of Tradition op.cit. pag21 et seq.
(12) Ibid. p.. 23
Saturday, November 27, 2010
Derestrict Piaggio Zip 4t
In the name of so-called progress
In the name of so-called progress we are killing our part
best
Francesco Lamendola - 26/11/2010
Source: Arianna Editrice
a time not so far away, say less two generations ago,
people's lives was still full of small, large signs that
developed the best part: imagination, sensitivity,
the astonishment before the world, the pietas towards others and towards
dead.
the approaching anniversary of Saint Lucia and Christmas, the children wrote a letter
where
taken stock of their own moral behavior, and aims to improve
asked, anxiously, the toy so long dreamed not
claimed, the requests, while fully aware of not having
deserved.
was a lesson in humility to themselves and to start a clarification
interior. It was also an exercise in good writing. Finally
was a stimulus to creativity and development of
aesthetic sense, because that letter, that was a real
event in the life of the child, was decorated with drawings and decorations
that made it a small masterpiece of inventive and artistic skills
.
Then came the Christmas letters already good and ready: it
in stationery and had already bought all the designs and decorations
, simply type the text.
Finally, the letter has also disappeared, as have disappeared
Saint Lucia and baby Jesus. Toys
parents took them directly, without the child had done nothing to deserve it:
so, in homage to the rampant consumerism.
Another example.
time that we were talking about, at Many families had spread
a pious and sweet tradition to leave a glass of water on the kitchen table
the evening, the eve of the November 2, the day of the feast of the dead
. That water was to quench the
souls in Purgatory, the night would come to drink.
A remnant of superstition and a waste of time that the magic has dissipated
modern science? Sure, maybe. But even if he was?
was not a good tradition, as well as poetry, since it helped to keep
attended
spiritual path that connects the living to the dead, but now that path is inexorably
covering of weeds, since no more through it?
We could go on and on with examples like that, but we believe we have made the
idea of \u200b\u200bwhat we mean.
Typically, in the account for the disappearance of such gestures, as
to give thanks for food when you sit down to table, or
bless a person who leaves home to take a trip, you
answers - even if you plan to give an explanation - which is
just get rid of the remnants of the past, since we live in a world where
science, technology and economy march faster and faster.
goes round and round, then, is still the same, eternal
ideology of unlimited progress, which should explain everything, justify all
to account for everything. What do you want us to, is progress, and not
you can not go against progress, that's for sure ...
Yet, just a thought even enough to make hasty
realize that things are otherwise, that this is only an explanation
which is given a posteriori for the illusion that he still has control of the situation
, while the opposite is true: that this so-called
progress is more like a locomotive launched in all
speed without driver and no brakes, along a siding.
the same way they are missing the kind gestures, words
good, symbols of our relationship with the supernatural reality, so are disappearing
peoples, languages, cultures, so are
disappearing species of plants and animals, in an ever more dizzying
, so we are entering, in full sail (so to say),
in the paradise of modernity.
We would like to convince us that this is the result of a preordained plan
and, yes, perhaps there are no side effects
expected, but still, overall, the positives outweigh
immensely, without the possibility of comparison.
Is it not true that many diseases have been tamed (but other
it appeared) that human life has lengthened (But only the duration
average), that the comfort and well-being have been widely used (but
only a part of humanity and at the cost of tensions and neuroses
every day growing)? So, how can we doubt the goodness of progress?
And then, progress can not be judged: it is an obvious value in itself;
anyone should question must be suffering from some mental disorder
. Luckily there is a brand new science, psychiatry,
to treat these individuals always discontented, inexplicably ungrateful
and potentially dangerous to society as a whole. In
Soviet Union resorted to psychiatry to "cure" those
did not appreciate the wonders of socialism, and Marxism, on closer look
, was merely one of many forms of worship
Progress, one of the many ideologies that left the noble and altruistic
Enlightenment belief (and positivist) that the reason serve
to bring happiness to everyone, whether they like it, whether you do not want to ...
The peasants of the Vendée, for example, did not want that kind of happiness
: they wanted to keep their priests, their superstitions and
"horrible dictu," their lords, in short they wanted tradition and
the ancien regime: which is why the French republican armies, in the name of the Goddess Reason
and happiness, they murdered about one
million.
But what is that one million peasants in the Vendée, in front of
"magnificent and progressive" of modernity? What is never
eight million Russian peasants, against the creation of a
heavy industry in a few years and the same, the total destruction of private property
rural
ever outbreak of reaction and superstition?
The fact is that, in the name of so-called progress, then that is just brutal
material development, we are killing the best part of us
themselves: what dreams, and amazed, that praises and thanks, what is
feels connected to everything that exists, everything that
lives, everything that breathes beginning with the Earth, "
our Sister Mother Earth," as St. Francis called the sublime "Canticle of the Creatures
'sister and mother at the same time.
We are not surprised about anything, we know that science has an answer for everything
, nor more to appreciate all that life offers us
: this is not a gift, but a prey, and conquering, not
that we exercise our right.
a time not too far away, the mandarins were on the table, for
children, a welcome gift of Christmas, the apples were a gift, also
hot freshly baked bread was a gift. Those kids knew how much work had cost
bread and they knew that without the sun, without
the rain, without wind, there would be no
mandarins on the table, or apples, or bread ...
Today's children complain if the table there are the fruits out of season
, if there are cakes made
industrial production, if there is Coca Cola. Do not be surprised
more for small things, would not dream of
thank someone or something.
It is certainly not "blame" them.
Their parents raised them well, and if not parents,
television, cinema, computer, the example of fellow pilots and their families
.
Yet, in the life of the individual as well as in that of society, are
especially the small daily gestures, are mainly the thoughts of every day
that build slowly but inevitably,
values \u200b\u200baround which the lives and the world are a meaning, so that,
disappear leaving those acts and those thoughts can only produce
an existential vacuum in which now tend to infiltrate the evil plants
hedonism, selfishness, indifference.
Come on, tell someone, do not overdo it: after all, it was simply
symbols.
True, true; but the symbols are not a plus, not a frill or an embellishment
; symbols reveal the very soul of life,
both individually and collectively, form a network where harmonious and coherent
woven by the succession of generations.
An individual and a society have lost the language of symbols
, and have thereby lost their roots,
is the sense of their own destiny, and it is inevitably going to encounter anything that is
self-destruction. No matter if we go with a smile on his lips
.
This is the danger that currently above us.
not the economic crisis, from which we can take, not the war
World, you can start again from the ashes, and even the
ecological disaster, which also serve to teach the survivors
the way for a new beginning.
No: the mortal danger is the loss of roots and the loss of the sense
about their fate, we will say more: the loss
idea of \u200b\u200bdestiny. The fate takes over the case;
a vision of the world, takes over a mechanical view, in an attitude of quality,
replaced by a purely quantitative way of being.
The living world, elastic, malleable, and the fate of the symbol,
is gradually replaced by a rigid world, solidified, dead, soulless celebrates a technique where
his last, dramatic triumphs, in a light glittering from
apocalypse.
We must be very careful.
The world stands on the small daily gestures of
thank Heaven for our nourishment, to thank the Earth for goods
lavishes upon us, and bless the child who leaves home,
going to meet his destiny as an adult . This network of symbols
kept us tied into an organic unity and
prevented the forces of selfishness unbridled individualistic
leads to destroying us.
The compassionate gesture addressed to our dear departed
kept us tied to the world of the afterlife and allowed the souls of those who preceded us to act
positively on us, protecting us from the consequences of materialism
blind and destructive.
once were taught to the children next to each
there is a benevolent presence, a guardian angel who watches affectionately
steps and that makes him a shield against the evil energies
lurking in his way.
was just a fairy tale uplifting? Do not believe it.
the forces of good there, and so those of Evil, and their Azin
about the physical world is so certain, as is that of the atmospheric agents
or historical reality. However
very different is the condition of a humanity that ignores this
network of spiritual presences, and relies only
and only their own powers, which often, indeed, tends to make a pact with the forces of evil
Evil, in exchange for power and success.
This is the nemesis of modern, Faustian man:
one who makes a pact with the Devil, selling his soul in exchange for a domain
increasingly ruthless nature and the world of things.
vulgar and insulting gestures, grimaces of mockery, parodies of the sacred
now rampant and the worst example that comes, often,
by the very people most visible, even from those who hold positions
institutional, replaced the gestures of blessing and
words of faith and charity that once accompanied the
human life.
This is the product of a modernity that has lost the streets
soul, which, indeed, has even lost consciousness
own soul, and therefore have a vocation and destiny
supernatural.
In return, we have built new altars to Reason, science and technology to
in Progress.
Finally, we have built only to our unbridled selfishness and our pride
luciferin.
And then, what will become of us?
In the name of so-called progress we are killing our part
best
Francesco Lamendola - 26/11/2010
Source: Arianna Editrice
a time not so far away, say less two generations ago,
people's lives was still full of small, large signs that
developed the best part: imagination, sensitivity,
the astonishment before the world, the pietas towards others and towards
dead.
the approaching anniversary of Saint Lucia and Christmas, the children wrote a letter
where
taken stock of their own moral behavior, and aims to improve
asked, anxiously, the toy so long dreamed not
claimed, the requests, while fully aware of not having
deserved.
was a lesson in humility to themselves and to start a clarification
interior. It was also an exercise in good writing. Finally
was a stimulus to creativity and development of
aesthetic sense, because that letter, that was a real
event in the life of the child, was decorated with drawings and decorations
that made it a small masterpiece of inventive and artistic skills
.
Then came the Christmas letters already good and ready: it
in stationery and had already bought all the designs and decorations
, simply type the text.
Finally, the letter has also disappeared, as have disappeared
Saint Lucia and baby Jesus. Toys
parents took them directly, without the child had done nothing to deserve it:
so, in homage to the rampant consumerism.
Another example.
time that we were talking about, at Many families had spread
a pious and sweet tradition to leave a glass of water on the kitchen table
the evening, the eve of the November 2, the day of the feast of the dead
. That water was to quench the
souls in Purgatory, the night would come to drink.
A remnant of superstition and a waste of time that the magic has dissipated
modern science? Sure, maybe. But even if he was?
was not a good tradition, as well as poetry, since it helped to keep
attended
spiritual path that connects the living to the dead, but now that path is inexorably
covering of weeds, since no more through it?
We could go on and on with examples like that, but we believe we have made the
idea of \u200b\u200bwhat we mean.
Typically, in the account for the disappearance of such gestures, as
to give thanks for food when you sit down to table, or
bless a person who leaves home to take a trip, you
answers - even if you plan to give an explanation - which is
just get rid of the remnants of the past, since we live in a world where
science, technology and economy march faster and faster.
goes round and round, then, is still the same, eternal
ideology of unlimited progress, which should explain everything, justify all
to account for everything. What do you want us to, is progress, and not
you can not go against progress, that's for sure ...
Yet, just a thought even enough to make hasty
realize that things are otherwise, that this is only an explanation
which is given a posteriori for the illusion that he still has control of the situation
, while the opposite is true: that this so-called
progress is more like a locomotive launched in all
speed without driver and no brakes, along a siding.
the same way they are missing the kind gestures, words
good, symbols of our relationship with the supernatural reality, so are disappearing
peoples, languages, cultures, so are
disappearing species of plants and animals, in an ever more dizzying
, so we are entering, in full sail (so to say),
in the paradise of modernity.
We would like to convince us that this is the result of a preordained plan
and, yes, perhaps there are no side effects
expected, but still, overall, the positives outweigh
immensely, without the possibility of comparison.
Is it not true that many diseases have been tamed (but other
it appeared) that human life has lengthened (But only the duration
average), that the comfort and well-being have been widely used (but
only a part of humanity and at the cost of tensions and neuroses
every day growing)? So, how can we doubt the goodness of progress?
And then, progress can not be judged: it is an obvious value in itself;
anyone should question must be suffering from some mental disorder
. Luckily there is a brand new science, psychiatry,
to treat these individuals always discontented, inexplicably ungrateful
and potentially dangerous to society as a whole. In
Soviet Union resorted to psychiatry to "cure" those
did not appreciate the wonders of socialism, and Marxism, on closer look
, was merely one of many forms of worship
Progress, one of the many ideologies that left the noble and altruistic
Enlightenment belief (and positivist) that the reason serve
to bring happiness to everyone, whether they like it, whether you do not want to ...
The peasants of the Vendée, for example, did not want that kind of happiness
: they wanted to keep their priests, their superstitions and
"horrible dictu," their lords, in short they wanted tradition and
the ancien regime: which is why the French republican armies, in the name of the Goddess Reason
and happiness, they murdered about one
million.
But what is that one million peasants in the Vendée, in front of
"magnificent and progressive" of modernity? What is never
eight million Russian peasants, against the creation of a
heavy industry in a few years and the same, the total destruction of private property
rural
ever outbreak of reaction and superstition?
The fact is that, in the name of so-called progress, then that is just brutal
material development, we are killing the best part of us
themselves: what dreams, and amazed, that praises and thanks, what is
feels connected to everything that exists, everything that
lives, everything that breathes beginning with the Earth, "
our Sister Mother Earth," as St. Francis called the sublime "Canticle of the Creatures
'sister and mother at the same time.
We are not surprised about anything, we know that science has an answer for everything
, nor more to appreciate all that life offers us
: this is not a gift, but a prey, and conquering, not
that we exercise our right.
a time not too far away, the mandarins were on the table, for
children, a welcome gift of Christmas, the apples were a gift, also
hot freshly baked bread was a gift. Those kids knew how much work had cost
bread and they knew that without the sun, without
the rain, without wind, there would be no
mandarins on the table, or apples, or bread ...
Today's children complain if the table there are the fruits out of season
, if there are cakes made
industrial production, if there is Coca Cola. Do not be surprised
more for small things, would not dream of
thank someone or something.
It is certainly not "blame" them.
Their parents raised them well, and if not parents,
television, cinema, computer, the example of fellow pilots and their families
.
Yet, in the life of the individual as well as in that of society, are
especially the small daily gestures, are mainly the thoughts of every day
that build slowly but inevitably,
values \u200b\u200baround which the lives and the world are a meaning, so that,
disappear leaving those acts and those thoughts can only produce
an existential vacuum in which now tend to infiltrate the evil plants
hedonism, selfishness, indifference.
Come on, tell someone, do not overdo it: after all, it was simply
symbols.
True, true; but the symbols are not a plus, not a frill or an embellishment
; symbols reveal the very soul of life,
both individually and collectively, form a network where harmonious and coherent
woven by the succession of generations.
An individual and a society have lost the language of symbols
, and have thereby lost their roots,
is the sense of their own destiny, and it is inevitably going to encounter anything that is
self-destruction. No matter if we go with a smile on his lips
.
This is the danger that currently above us.
not the economic crisis, from which we can take, not the war
World, you can start again from the ashes, and even the
ecological disaster, which also serve to teach the survivors
the way for a new beginning.
No: the mortal danger is the loss of roots and the loss of the sense
about their fate, we will say more: the loss
idea of \u200b\u200bdestiny. The fate takes over the case;
a vision of the world, takes over a mechanical view, in an attitude of quality,
replaced by a purely quantitative way of being.
The living world, elastic, malleable, and the fate of the symbol,
is gradually replaced by a rigid world, solidified, dead, soulless celebrates a technique where
his last, dramatic triumphs, in a light glittering from
apocalypse.
We must be very careful.
The world stands on the small daily gestures of
thank Heaven for our nourishment, to thank the Earth for goods
lavishes upon us, and bless the child who leaves home,
going to meet his destiny as an adult . This network of symbols
kept us tied into an organic unity and
prevented the forces of selfishness unbridled individualistic
leads to destroying us.
The compassionate gesture addressed to our dear departed
kept us tied to the world of the afterlife and allowed the souls of those who preceded us to act
positively on us, protecting us from the consequences of materialism
blind and destructive.
once were taught to the children next to each
there is a benevolent presence, a guardian angel who watches affectionately
steps and that makes him a shield against the evil energies
lurking in his way.
was just a fairy tale uplifting? Do not believe it.
the forces of good there, and so those of Evil, and their Azin
about the physical world is so certain, as is that of the atmospheric agents
or historical reality. However
very different is the condition of a humanity that ignores this
network of spiritual presences, and relies only
and only their own powers, which often, indeed, tends to make a pact with the forces of evil
Evil, in exchange for power and success.
This is the nemesis of modern, Faustian man:
one who makes a pact with the Devil, selling his soul in exchange for a domain
increasingly ruthless nature and the world of things.
vulgar and insulting gestures, grimaces of mockery, parodies of the sacred
now rampant and the worst example that comes, often,
by the very people most visible, even from those who hold positions
institutional, replaced the gestures of blessing and
words of faith and charity that once accompanied the
human life.
This is the product of a modernity that has lost the streets
soul, which, indeed, has even lost consciousness
own soul, and therefore have a vocation and destiny
supernatural.
In return, we have built new altars to Reason, science and technology to
in Progress.
Finally, we have built only to our unbridled selfishness and our pride
luciferin.
And then, what will become of us?
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
Cheat To Earn Lifetime Awards
Monday, November 22, 2010
Funny Recycling Verbiage
Always
The NATO summit in Lisbon will decide where to shift
currently about 200 tactical nuclear warheads on European soil,
scattered among Belgium, Italy, Germany, Holland and Turkey.
shift where, as Belgium, Holland, Germany and others - having
misunderstood, of course, the promises of Obama
to go to a drastic reduction of nuclear weapons-had declared
not love her more about their areas? It remains, therefore
Turkey and Italy.
But Turkey's Erdogan has recently become an ally
very uncomfortable.
And not only is it unlikely that someone
face such a proposal, but is even less likely that Ankara would accept.
remains, apparently, Italy, which on its 80
atomic bombs scattered around its territory has never said a word, or to
times the center-left or the right to present times. And today, with Berlusconi
shaky, in need of aid
dell'abbronzato
president, can not wait to accept. Meanwhile, those weapons do not even tickle
Putin friend.
The fact is that the decision has not gone unnoticed in Europe.
a large group of European political leaders of pre-11 September
have raised their voices in protest, because they keep us
atomic bombs? And what is NATO's role in this phase?
were big names and remain open even today are Helmut Schmidt, former German Chancellor
, the former Belgian foreign minister, Willy Claes,
the former British Foreign Secretary Des Browne, and former Prime Minister
Netherlands, Ruud Lubbers. And the same questions are irritated
echoed in numerous other smaller European capitals, once
prostrate in front of Washington. Of course
in the deathly silence of Rome.
Everybody thinks, like us, those that do not add to 200 atomic bombs
our security. Everyone thinks that, indeed, are dangerous only
for us Europeans.
But you can not really say that are useless. A
need something: to force us to take home the U.S. bases, that is
keep us tied hand and foot, to the United States. Who,
falling - as they are doing (and not a few Europeans are starting to notice
) - drag us down, too ...
The NATO summit in Lisbon will decide where to shift
currently about 200 tactical nuclear warheads on European soil,
scattered among Belgium, Italy, Germany, Holland and Turkey.
shift where, as Belgium, Holland, Germany and others - having
misunderstood, of course, the promises of Obama
to go to a drastic reduction of nuclear weapons-had declared
not love her more about their areas? It remains, therefore
Turkey and Italy.
But Turkey's Erdogan has recently become an ally
very uncomfortable.
And not only is it unlikely that someone
face such a proposal, but is even less likely that Ankara would accept.
remains, apparently, Italy, which on its 80
atomic bombs scattered around its territory has never said a word, or to
times the center-left or the right to present times. And today, with Berlusconi
shaky, in need of aid
dell'abbronzato
president, can not wait to accept. Meanwhile, those weapons do not even tickle
Putin friend.
The fact is that the decision has not gone unnoticed in Europe.
a large group of European political leaders of pre-11 September
have raised their voices in protest, because they keep us
atomic bombs? And what is NATO's role in this phase?
were big names and remain open even today are Helmut Schmidt, former German Chancellor
, the former Belgian foreign minister, Willy Claes,
the former British Foreign Secretary Des Browne, and former Prime Minister
Netherlands, Ruud Lubbers. And the same questions are irritated
echoed in numerous other smaller European capitals, once
prostrate in front of Washington. Of course
in the deathly silence of Rome.
Everybody thinks, like us, those that do not add to 200 atomic bombs
our security. Everyone thinks that, indeed, are dangerous only
for us Europeans.
But you can not really say that are useless. A
need something: to force us to take home the U.S. bases, that is
keep us tied hand and foot, to the United States. Who,
falling - as they are doing (and not a few Europeans are starting to notice
) - drag us down, too ...
Sunday, November 21, 2010
Left Eye Burry With Chest Pains
religious and historical aspects of Tibet
religious and historical aspects of Tibet
Gianluca Padovan - 18/11/2010
Source: Rebirth
In recent decades many people have seen the
Tibet as one of the last areas of the planet where they are retained
ancient traditions of the so-called "Indo-Europeans".
fact does not exclude the possibility that the waves of immigration from Europe,
occurred between the third and first millennium before the year zero,
have also affected these highlands, bringing people and
European traditions. Until yesterday, we could observe that at an altitude of 4000 meters
media has developed a culture that has remained largely independent
over the centuries:
it would have much to teach (or remind) us Europeans remained
is in our land, but most of our private
cultural backgrounds. Studies of prehistoric Tibetan
are almost totally missing, even though you are engaged at the sites recognized
Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic.
The megalithic culture is common, with isolated menhirs and alignments, for example
: "a Do-ring, there are 18 rows of standing stones" .1
The Tibetan language has many dialects and is included, according to some,
-up in the family Tibetan. But it deserves more attention and a more detailed comparative study
especially the so-called dialects.
about their origins Tibetans recall the various myths and one of the most ancient
speaks of the existence of an egg, the matrix of all creation:
"primordial Quest'uovo concentrated in itself all the elements-air,
earth, fire, water and space and gave birth to eighteen other eggs from one of these
sprang a being without form, but capable of thinking, that
felt the need to see, touch, hear, feel, taste and
move and then in turn created the human body ".2
The order is made by Tsen-Nyatri po, a warrior king of the sky
wearing a metal helmet, which are symbols of power armor that slips
alone and magical objects that act as
only: the spear, sword and the shield. This sort of demigod
is still deadly: "At the moment of earthly death
his body turned into a rainbow and let him back in his first home
: infinite space where he lay in a tomb ethereal" Speaking of
.3 historical profile of Tibet, Padma Sambhava
an interesting track design: "The Tibetans have always called their country
Bö, occasionally adding Khawajen, the Land of Snow.
's recorded history dates back some 2300 years ago, while in the West
Macedonian Empire, Mauryan Empire in India, and the late Empire
Chou in China. In his first eight centuries, Tibet was ruled by
a military dynasty. He had a religious system
animist, governed by a priesthood of shamans in divination experts,
the magical arts and sacrifices, while its system of government
focuses on a royal family considered of divine descent. The
first seven kings descended to earth to rule from a rope ladder
suspended in the sky, on which would then be recovered as soon as he arrived
their time. The eighth king, after a short conflict,
cut the rope that bound him to the sky and, from then on, the rulers
like the Egyptian pharaohs were buried in large burial mounds
their possessions and Following their '.4
Recalling the proselytizing of missionaries Catholics, who in India go by
land in Tibet, Giuseppe Tucci shows a comparison of their
Muslims, Hindus and Lamaist, which thus emerges
in view of the latter: "The severe
organization of monasteries, the ' dialectical skill of teachers, the theological niceties
discussed with witty force in logic
gatherings of monks and the austerity of many rites well-arranged their souls to Tibetan Buddhism
".5
Speaking of Buddhism can not be forgotten that the Fourteenth
Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso, Tibet's spiritual and political guide,
and Nobel Peace Prize in 1989, lives in exile in India since 1959. Dalai Lama
is the title given to the head of the Buddhist religion-Lamaist
living in Lhasa (Tibet) in the Potala Palace. In 1950 the troops of the Chinese Communist government
Maoist attack Tibet and the treaty of May 23, 1951
status is incorporated in the Republic of China
. Are long and complex political events, religious and military
that involve the Tibetan territory
about two thousand years, just to remind you that in 1720 China
intervenes militarily imposing its two commissioners to the next Dalai Lama
period. So says Thubten Norbu Dschigme, brother of the Dalai Lama more
and abbot of the Buddhist monastery of Kumbum
located near Sining in China: "Once again I had to go to
Sining by the Committee for Tibet. I declared that I had to carry with them
couple and a Chinese wireless operator;
it was to remain always in communication with Sining,
to keep themselves informed of what was happening to our caravan.
I agreed reluctantly. In their speech the deposed Communist
completely mask. Without preamble I underwent
of proposals that terrifies me and irritated me. What I had heard
was so monstrous, that only I could hardly control myself.
If I were able to convince the government of Lhasa to welcome the troops of the People's Republic
Liberation Army of China and
recognize Communist China, I was appointed Governor General of
Tibet. As such I
guided and supported the great work of reconstruction, in which our religion was
replaced communist ideology. If the Dalai Lama had
opposite, I would find ways and means to remove it in half.
made me understand that fratricide is justified when it comes to achieving
communist ideas. They took samples, which showed that
similar acts had been rewarded with the highest levels ".6
since 1950 more than a million Tibetans have died as a result of the Chinese
, about six thousand
monasteries were destroyed and tens of thousands of displaced people, including many monks.
The territory is the subject of a precise program and deculturation
is indiscriminately used for the storage of hazardous waste, toxic and radioactive
. Basically it has become the "dustbin
of China."
European states are watching, dazzled by the myth that Chinese
radiates the light of easy money, with the backing of industrialists and entrepreneurs
Europe in not taking account of
Chinese slave labor, much less demanding of today's unemployed workers-
European new poor world. Despite this
Dalai Lama has never
uttered a word against the Chinese aggression. In his recent book, The Art of Being
patients, displaying the words of Acharya Shantideva, enlightened Buddhist
eighth century.: (64) "Although other
defamatory or even destroy religious images, relics and the sacred dharma is erroneous
that I get angry because the Buddha can never be
outraged "7
Comment so the script:" You could try to justify the development
hatred against anyone who offends those items with the
' love for the dharma. Shantideva says, however, that this is not the right answer
, because in reality it reacts as it is unable to withstand the
gesture. But the sacred objects can not be damaged
".8
Speaking recently with" old "Italian Communists remained
slightly puzzled to hear that the Dalai Lama is considered by these
an oppressor of his people, because he tried to keep
in the middle of the twentieth century, the Tibetans in a medieval state. I was shocked
acriticità and the impropriety of their arguments and I
laconically commented that the indoctrination of communist rule in China remains
mold and the old Italian Communist
look at everything with dreamy eyes. In any case if the roots
Europe were now, thanks to the "new Europeans", we can
be almost certain that they are missing. But hope, as stated in an essay
ours, and the last to die and I personally believe that
someone in Europe will awake to study, understand and transmit.
religious and historical aspects of Tibet
Gianluca Padovan - 18/11/2010
Source: Rebirth
In recent decades many people have seen the
Tibet as one of the last areas of the planet where they are retained
ancient traditions of the so-called "Indo-Europeans".
fact does not exclude the possibility that the waves of immigration from Europe,
occurred between the third and first millennium before the year zero,
have also affected these highlands, bringing people and
European traditions. Until yesterday, we could observe that at an altitude of 4000 meters
media has developed a culture that has remained largely independent
over the centuries:
it would have much to teach (or remind) us Europeans remained
is in our land, but most of our private
cultural backgrounds. Studies of prehistoric Tibetan
are almost totally missing, even though you are engaged at the sites recognized
Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic.
The megalithic culture is common, with isolated menhirs and alignments, for example
: "a Do-ring, there are 18 rows of standing stones" .1
The Tibetan language has many dialects and is included, according to some,
-up in the family Tibetan. But it deserves more attention and a more detailed comparative study
especially the so-called dialects.
about their origins Tibetans recall the various myths and one of the most ancient
speaks of the existence of an egg, the matrix of all creation:
"primordial Quest'uovo concentrated in itself all the elements-air,
earth, fire, water and space and gave birth to eighteen other eggs from one of these
sprang a being without form, but capable of thinking, that
felt the need to see, touch, hear, feel, taste and
move and then in turn created the human body ".2
The order is made by Tsen-Nyatri po, a warrior king of the sky
wearing a metal helmet, which are symbols of power armor that slips
alone and magical objects that act as
only: the spear, sword and the shield. This sort of demigod
is still deadly: "At the moment of earthly death
his body turned into a rainbow and let him back in his first home
: infinite space where he lay in a tomb ethereal" Speaking of
.3 historical profile of Tibet, Padma Sambhava
an interesting track design: "The Tibetans have always called their country
Bö, occasionally adding Khawajen, the Land of Snow.
's recorded history dates back some 2300 years ago, while in the West
Macedonian Empire, Mauryan Empire in India, and the late Empire
Chou in China. In his first eight centuries, Tibet was ruled by
a military dynasty. He had a religious system
animist, governed by a priesthood of shamans in divination experts,
the magical arts and sacrifices, while its system of government
focuses on a royal family considered of divine descent. The
first seven kings descended to earth to rule from a rope ladder
suspended in the sky, on which would then be recovered as soon as he arrived
their time. The eighth king, after a short conflict,
cut the rope that bound him to the sky and, from then on, the rulers
like the Egyptian pharaohs were buried in large burial mounds
their possessions and Following their '.4
Recalling the proselytizing of missionaries Catholics, who in India go by
land in Tibet, Giuseppe Tucci shows a comparison of their
Muslims, Hindus and Lamaist, which thus emerges
in view of the latter: "The severe
organization of monasteries, the ' dialectical skill of teachers, the theological niceties
discussed with witty force in logic
gatherings of monks and the austerity of many rites well-arranged their souls to Tibetan Buddhism
".5
Speaking of Buddhism can not be forgotten that the Fourteenth
Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso, Tibet's spiritual and political guide,
and Nobel Peace Prize in 1989, lives in exile in India since 1959. Dalai Lama
is the title given to the head of the Buddhist religion-Lamaist
living in Lhasa (Tibet) in the Potala Palace. In 1950 the troops of the Chinese Communist government
Maoist attack Tibet and the treaty of May 23, 1951
status is incorporated in the Republic of China
. Are long and complex political events, religious and military
that involve the Tibetan territory
about two thousand years, just to remind you that in 1720 China
intervenes militarily imposing its two commissioners to the next Dalai Lama
period. So says Thubten Norbu Dschigme, brother of the Dalai Lama more
and abbot of the Buddhist monastery of Kumbum
located near Sining in China: "Once again I had to go to
Sining by the Committee for Tibet. I declared that I had to carry with them
couple and a Chinese wireless operator;
it was to remain always in communication with Sining,
to keep themselves informed of what was happening to our caravan.
I agreed reluctantly. In their speech the deposed Communist
completely mask. Without preamble I underwent
of proposals that terrifies me and irritated me. What I had heard
was so monstrous, that only I could hardly control myself.
If I were able to convince the government of Lhasa to welcome the troops of the People's Republic
Liberation Army of China and
recognize Communist China, I was appointed Governor General of
Tibet. As such I
guided and supported the great work of reconstruction, in which our religion was
replaced communist ideology. If the Dalai Lama had
opposite, I would find ways and means to remove it in half.
made me understand that fratricide is justified when it comes to achieving
communist ideas. They took samples, which showed that
similar acts had been rewarded with the highest levels ".6
since 1950 more than a million Tibetans have died as a result of the Chinese
, about six thousand
monasteries were destroyed and tens of thousands of displaced people, including many monks.
The territory is the subject of a precise program and deculturation
is indiscriminately used for the storage of hazardous waste, toxic and radioactive
. Basically it has become the "dustbin
of China."
European states are watching, dazzled by the myth that Chinese
radiates the light of easy money, with the backing of industrialists and entrepreneurs
Europe in not taking account of
Chinese slave labor, much less demanding of today's unemployed workers-
European new poor world. Despite this
Dalai Lama has never
uttered a word against the Chinese aggression. In his recent book, The Art of Being
patients, displaying the words of Acharya Shantideva, enlightened Buddhist
eighth century.: (64) "Although other
defamatory or even destroy religious images, relics and the sacred dharma is erroneous
that I get angry because the Buddha can never be
outraged "7
Comment so the script:" You could try to justify the development
hatred against anyone who offends those items with the
' love for the dharma. Shantideva says, however, that this is not the right answer
, because in reality it reacts as it is unable to withstand the
gesture. But the sacred objects can not be damaged
".8
Speaking recently with" old "Italian Communists remained
slightly puzzled to hear that the Dalai Lama is considered by these
an oppressor of his people, because he tried to keep
in the middle of the twentieth century, the Tibetans in a medieval state. I was shocked
acriticità and the impropriety of their arguments and I
laconically commented that the indoctrination of communist rule in China remains
mold and the old Italian Communist
look at everything with dreamy eyes. In any case if the roots
Europe were now, thanks to the "new Europeans", we can
be almost certain that they are missing. But hope, as stated in an essay
ours, and the last to die and I personally believe that
someone in Europe will awake to study, understand and transmit.
Saturday, November 20, 2010
How To Get Metal Jacket In Silver Version
The importance of myth, Eliade.
The myth, Eliade, gives value and meaning to the world and life
Francesco Lamendola - 16/11/2010
Source: Arianna Editrice
Man can not live without myths, rather, can not live without a system
mythical thinking, which integrates in itself the whole
phenomenon of existence.
Because it is mythical universe of archaic cultures and those
traditional pre-modern world, however, there is an attitude
sufficiency and indifference to it, almost as if you were
child's expression of thought, justified
contended in a "primitive", but utterly incongruous in
rational society. This
crude scientistic prejudice means that the modern Western culture
hard to find the tools and operating
same conceptual categories capable of understanding the phenomenon of
from mythology, that is capturing the vital joints
with the spiritual horizon of the people who have worked to give
basis for their existence and to establish a relationship of
correspondence between themselves and the surrounding reality.
The myth is not only a tool to rationalize natural phenomena
ancestral fears and to reassure the man, as the Vulgate would
scientist, but something much more complex and
much higher: it is a window on the transcendent dimension
gaping immanent, sull'atemporale in time, in its
on the absolute.
Thanks to the myth, reality takes on a meaning and to the human
under the category of values, starting with its very existence
, connected to the past (ancestors) and future (descendants),
and all other living things, plants and animals, the sky, the
earth, the seasons, daily and at night, and pervaded by powerful currents
superhuman presence, now benign malignant hours, that man
same may, under certain conditions, understand, and sometimes
master.
If the animal falls under the arrow of the hunter, this is not exclusive to
on the ability of the latter, if the ear of corn
sprouts and matures, this is not the only effect
farmer. There is a covenant between man and the forces of nature
, signed by their ancestors and continually renewed by the
requirements totemic and shamanistic rites, through which the Earth offers
man what he needs, as long as it uses with
wisdom and moderation, provided that you acknowledge all that
debtor receives.
The myth is the structure of thought that gives an account of all of this and
thus offering the prospect of a man
meaning inherent in things, in all things, including his own
exist, in which sense, we can also say that the mythical thinking is a form
embryo of philosophical thought, or, rather, a form of
parallel to philosophical thought. In fact, the
mythology is not a philosophy girl, but a form of
thought that, like philosophy, seeks to explain the origin of things
and life, not limiting - however - the size of
logical thinking, nor a kind of knowledge is objective and external to things, but
descending, so to speak, in the things themselves, in order to reveal the hidden face
and deep meanings that speak to man
means of symbols.
This does not in any way mean that the myth is a form of knowledge
inferior to philosophy, so much
true that a philosopher of the stature of Plato has used the myth of their groped for
explore some of the deepest truths and difficult. (But on the whole
this, see also our previous article: "The thought mythical
is different, not less than scientific," especially dedicated to the discussion of epistemology
German Kurt Hübner,
appeared on the site in Arianna Editrice date 15/01/2008).
The great historian of religions Mircea Eliade
has devoted much of his studies and his own reflections
to illuminate the meaning of myth in the context of ancient cultures, with special emphasis on the
shamanism; and, on this topic,
has written some of the most significant that the entire
European culture has produced.
Observe, therefore, in Eliade, "Myth and Reality" (original title: "Myth and Reality
; transduction of Italian Giovanni Cantoni, Rome, Borla
Editore, 1974, pp. 144-46)
" In a world similar [to that of myth], the man does not feel
locked in his mode of existence, he is also "open"
communicates with the world, because it uses the same language: the symbol. If the world's
speaks through its stars, its plants and its
animals, its rivers and its mountains, its seasons and its nights,
the man responds with his dreams and his imaginative life, with
his ancestors, or with his "totem" - at a time nature, and humans
sovranatura - with its ability to die and rise again
ritually in its initiation ceremonies (neither more nor less
the moon and vegetation), with its power to embody a spirit
putting on a mask, etc.. If the world is transparent
for archaic man, this feeling "watched" and understood by
world. The game looks at him and understands him (often without capturing the animal
because he knows that man hungry), as well as rock, or
the tree, or river. Each has its own story to tell, a
advice from him.
While knowing how to be human and accepted as such, the man of archaic societies
also known to be something more. For example,
knows that his ancestor was an animal, or can die and come back to life
(initiation, shamanic trance), which can influence the
collected by its orgies (which can act with his wife as
heaven and earth, or who may be a part of the cutter and his wife
the groove). In the more complex cultures, the man knows
that his breath is wind, that his bones are like mountains,
a fire burning in his stomach, her navel
can become "the center of the world", etc..
must not imagine that this "openness" to the world is translated into a conception
bucolic existence myths of "primitive" rituals and
dependent not reveal ancient Arcadia.
As we have seen, the paleocoltivatori take responsibility to prosper
the plant world, have also accepted
torture victims the benefit of crops, sexual orgy, the
cannibalism, head-hunting.
This is a tragic conception of life,
result of religious exploitation of torture and violent death.
a myth as that of Hainuwele [passed in the Moluccas, in the easternmost part of today's
Indonesia], and the whole socio-religious
that it articulates and justifies
force man to accept his condition of being mortal and sexual,
kill and sentenced to work in order to feed. The world's plant and animal
"speaks" of his source, that is, ultimately, to
Hainuwele, the paleo farmer discovers
includes this language and meaning to everything around him and everything he does.
But this requires him to accept
cruelty and murder as part and parcel of its way of being. Certainly, cruelty, torture, killing
, specific behaviors are not exclusive of
"primitive." You encounter them throughout history, sometimes with a paroxysm
unknown in archaic societies.
The difference is mainly in the fact that, for the "primitive", this violent conduct
has a religious value and is modeled on models superhuman. This concept
lasted a long time in history. The mass extermination of a
Genghis Khan, for example, are still a religious justification
.
The myth is not, if itself, a guarantee of "goodness" and morality. The
Its function is to reveal patterns and thus provide a
meaning to the world and human al'esistenza. Even his role in
constitution of man is immense. By virtue of the myth, we said,
ideas of reality, value, transcendence, are slowly
to light. By virtue of the myth, the world is left to grasp the universe as
perfectly articulated, intelligible and meaningful.
telling how things were done, the myth reveals for whom and for what
were made and in what circumstances. All these "revelations" directly engage
man because they are a "sacred history
."
As you can see, the vision of Eliade is very far from any sweetened
in key roussoiana of archaic societies, no
myth of the noble savage, no "goodness" inherent in the mythical world: and ,
the rest, just a basic knowledge of history and ancient literature
for immediate account.
Is it not to perform a rite of nature and propitiatory atonement
Achilles kills the twelve Trojan youths on the pyre of Patroclus;
fine episode that even Virgil, a member of a culture
much more "modern" and resumed his "Aeneid "? Well, this is
an action that is meaningful in the light of belief in a link between
aldiqua el'Aldilà, originally
light and meaning to the myth: specifically, the belief that the blood of some
innocent victims to appease the Hands of a torn
prematurely deceased to life.
And are not filled with Etruscan tombs, starting with the famous
Tomb of François Vulci of such representations, even
impressive in his office of the tragic and bloody
realism, with the demon hell Charun (Charon latrines) from
'frightening aspect that accompanies the souls on their journey to the Kingdom of the
dead?
Eliade reminds us that the practice of human sacrifice is inextricably tied to the cultures of
paleocotivatori;
and archeology gives us confirmation, from one end of the world, from Europe to the Americas
: for example, with the ceremonies Maya
to avoid drought by sacrificing a virgin maiden
, which was plunged into a well, or that of Skidi
dedicated to the Pawnee Morning Star, in which, again
propitiate the magical forces of nature, they
killing a virgin, at dawn, pierce with small flaming arrows.
are wrong, then, both those who flaunt contempt
the mythical conception of the world, both those who idealize the
in a naively uncritical, projecting on it
their yearning for a perfect and unspoiled Eden that is born of frustration
to be members of an individualistic and materialistic society maddeningly
.
The function of myth was and is essentially
reveal the hidden dimension, original things, showing the close interconnection
that all joins and combining them also
man.
At the same time, the myth handed down the memory of a time when a happy
order reigned in the world and man himself enjoyed a privileged status
; both things that are lost due to a
disorder, a disturbance, a fall that cracked
the original layout, but note that the myth is able to recover, at least partially
, enabling human beings to reconnect to that
successful original condition.
In this sense, it is fair to say that myth seeks to reintegrate
man in his ontological fullness and that reintegration takes
forms and the prospect of an elevation, ie a
overcome its present condition, limited and precarious to develop and strengthen
him in the higher faculties, including that of
talk to property, plants, animals and, therefore, to have closer ties
magic that keep in balance the cosmic forces.
The myth is also linked from this side to shamanism and
man opens the possibility to enter no more helpless as a bystander or victim
resigned, but as a true protagonist in the game
of these cosmic forces, from which it can draw power It is possible that
in the ordinary state of existence, are unimaginable for him. Finally, the myth
outlines a sacral conception of reality, a
conception, namely, that, clothed in mystery and power
elements of the cosmos, there is the polar opposite of our secular culture and
its claim to understand everything, to explain everything, to measure and quantify everything
, in the light of the Logos instrumental and calculative.
The myth, in fact, is not simply knowledge of reality, but
revelation and, as such, requires a corpus of doctrines
esoteric that only the time and manner established
can be transmitted from generation to generation, he was of the human upper
; what is proper under the name of tradition. Recognizing a Tradition
superhuman, from which they derive much
the cosmic order, when the doctrines that allow initiation
man to see it, to respect and to stand in line with it, the myth
there is, indeed, as a form of approach to the real
radically different, and antagonist, compared to that which we moderns
we become so accustomed to consider the only true and
effective.
One thing is certain: until they drop from the pedestal of our
scientistic presumption, we can not understand anything about the myth and continue
or denigrate, or idealize,
never penetrate the inner essence.
that can not be captured in such schemes only logical and scientific
, such as those which we have lived four centuries of rationalism
materialistic and mechanistic, but that requires a leap, a discontinuity in our
attitude toward reality, which
involving not only the Logos, but all of our faculty, beginning
the internal senses and the potential slumbering soul.
The myth, Eliade, gives value and meaning to the world and life
Francesco Lamendola - 16/11/2010
Source: Arianna Editrice
Man can not live without myths, rather, can not live without a system
mythical thinking, which integrates in itself the whole
phenomenon of existence.
Because it is mythical universe of archaic cultures and those
traditional pre-modern world, however, there is an attitude
sufficiency and indifference to it, almost as if you were
child's expression of thought, justified
contended in a "primitive", but utterly incongruous in
rational society. This
crude scientistic prejudice means that the modern Western culture
hard to find the tools and operating
same conceptual categories capable of understanding the phenomenon of
from mythology, that is capturing the vital joints
with the spiritual horizon of the people who have worked to give
basis for their existence and to establish a relationship of
correspondence between themselves and the surrounding reality.
The myth is not only a tool to rationalize natural phenomena
ancestral fears and to reassure the man, as the Vulgate would
scientist, but something much more complex and
much higher: it is a window on the transcendent dimension
gaping immanent, sull'atemporale in time, in its
on the absolute.
Thanks to the myth, reality takes on a meaning and to the human
under the category of values, starting with its very existence
, connected to the past (ancestors) and future (descendants),
and all other living things, plants and animals, the sky, the
earth, the seasons, daily and at night, and pervaded by powerful currents
superhuman presence, now benign malignant hours, that man
same may, under certain conditions, understand, and sometimes
master.
If the animal falls under the arrow of the hunter, this is not exclusive to
on the ability of the latter, if the ear of corn
sprouts and matures, this is not the only effect
farmer. There is a covenant between man and the forces of nature
, signed by their ancestors and continually renewed by the
requirements totemic and shamanistic rites, through which the Earth offers
man what he needs, as long as it uses with
wisdom and moderation, provided that you acknowledge all that
debtor receives.
The myth is the structure of thought that gives an account of all of this and
thus offering the prospect of a man
meaning inherent in things, in all things, including his own
exist, in which sense, we can also say that the mythical thinking is a form
embryo of philosophical thought, or, rather, a form of
parallel to philosophical thought. In fact, the
mythology is not a philosophy girl, but a form of
thought that, like philosophy, seeks to explain the origin of things
and life, not limiting - however - the size of
logical thinking, nor a kind of knowledge is objective and external to things, but
descending, so to speak, in the things themselves, in order to reveal the hidden face
and deep meanings that speak to man
means of symbols.
This does not in any way mean that the myth is a form of knowledge
inferior to philosophy, so much
true that a philosopher of the stature of Plato has used the myth of their groped for
explore some of the deepest truths and difficult. (But on the whole
this, see also our previous article: "The thought mythical
is different, not less than scientific," especially dedicated to the discussion of epistemology
German Kurt Hübner,
appeared on the site in Arianna Editrice date 15/01/2008).
The great historian of religions Mircea Eliade
has devoted much of his studies and his own reflections
to illuminate the meaning of myth in the context of ancient cultures, with special emphasis on the
shamanism; and, on this topic,
has written some of the most significant that the entire
European culture has produced.
Observe, therefore, in Eliade, "Myth and Reality" (original title: "Myth and Reality
; transduction of Italian Giovanni Cantoni, Rome, Borla
Editore, 1974, pp. 144-46)
" In a world similar [to that of myth], the man does not feel
locked in his mode of existence, he is also "open"
communicates with the world, because it uses the same language: the symbol. If the world's
speaks through its stars, its plants and its
animals, its rivers and its mountains, its seasons and its nights,
the man responds with his dreams and his imaginative life, with
his ancestors, or with his "totem" - at a time nature, and humans
sovranatura - with its ability to die and rise again
ritually in its initiation ceremonies (neither more nor less
the moon and vegetation), with its power to embody a spirit
putting on a mask, etc.. If the world is transparent
for archaic man, this feeling "watched" and understood by
world. The game looks at him and understands him (often without capturing the animal
because he knows that man hungry), as well as rock, or
the tree, or river. Each has its own story to tell, a
advice from him.
While knowing how to be human and accepted as such, the man of archaic societies
also known to be something more. For example,
knows that his ancestor was an animal, or can die and come back to life
(initiation, shamanic trance), which can influence the
collected by its orgies (which can act with his wife as
heaven and earth, or who may be a part of the cutter and his wife
the groove). In the more complex cultures, the man knows
that his breath is wind, that his bones are like mountains,
a fire burning in his stomach, her navel
can become "the center of the world", etc..
must not imagine that this "openness" to the world is translated into a conception
bucolic existence myths of "primitive" rituals and
dependent not reveal ancient Arcadia.
As we have seen, the paleocoltivatori take responsibility to prosper
the plant world, have also accepted
torture victims the benefit of crops, sexual orgy, the
cannibalism, head-hunting.
This is a tragic conception of life,
result of religious exploitation of torture and violent death.
a myth as that of Hainuwele [passed in the Moluccas, in the easternmost part of today's
Indonesia], and the whole socio-religious
that it articulates and justifies
force man to accept his condition of being mortal and sexual,
kill and sentenced to work in order to feed. The world's plant and animal
"speaks" of his source, that is, ultimately, to
Hainuwele, the paleo farmer discovers
includes this language and meaning to everything around him and everything he does.
But this requires him to accept
cruelty and murder as part and parcel of its way of being. Certainly, cruelty, torture, killing
, specific behaviors are not exclusive of
"primitive." You encounter them throughout history, sometimes with a paroxysm
unknown in archaic societies.
The difference is mainly in the fact that, for the "primitive", this violent conduct
has a religious value and is modeled on models superhuman. This concept
lasted a long time in history. The mass extermination of a
Genghis Khan, for example, are still a religious justification
.
The myth is not, if itself, a guarantee of "goodness" and morality. The
Its function is to reveal patterns and thus provide a
meaning to the world and human al'esistenza. Even his role in
constitution of man is immense. By virtue of the myth, we said,
ideas of reality, value, transcendence, are slowly
to light. By virtue of the myth, the world is left to grasp the universe as
perfectly articulated, intelligible and meaningful.
telling how things were done, the myth reveals for whom and for what
were made and in what circumstances. All these "revelations" directly engage
man because they are a "sacred history
."
As you can see, the vision of Eliade is very far from any sweetened
in key roussoiana of archaic societies, no
myth of the noble savage, no "goodness" inherent in the mythical world: and ,
the rest, just a basic knowledge of history and ancient literature
for immediate account.
Is it not to perform a rite of nature and propitiatory atonement
Achilles kills the twelve Trojan youths on the pyre of Patroclus;
fine episode that even Virgil, a member of a culture
much more "modern" and resumed his "Aeneid "? Well, this is
an action that is meaningful in the light of belief in a link between
aldiqua el'Aldilà, originally
light and meaning to the myth: specifically, the belief that the blood of some
innocent victims to appease the Hands of a torn
prematurely deceased to life.
And are not filled with Etruscan tombs, starting with the famous
Tomb of François Vulci of such representations, even
impressive in his office of the tragic and bloody
realism, with the demon hell Charun (Charon latrines) from
'frightening aspect that accompanies the souls on their journey to the Kingdom of the
dead?
Eliade reminds us that the practice of human sacrifice is inextricably tied to the cultures of
paleocotivatori;
and archeology gives us confirmation, from one end of the world, from Europe to the Americas
: for example, with the ceremonies Maya
to avoid drought by sacrificing a virgin maiden
, which was plunged into a well, or that of Skidi
dedicated to the Pawnee Morning Star, in which, again
propitiate the magical forces of nature, they
killing a virgin, at dawn, pierce with small flaming arrows.
are wrong, then, both those who flaunt contempt
the mythical conception of the world, both those who idealize the
in a naively uncritical, projecting on it
their yearning for a perfect and unspoiled Eden that is born of frustration
to be members of an individualistic and materialistic society maddeningly
.
The function of myth was and is essentially
reveal the hidden dimension, original things, showing the close interconnection
that all joins and combining them also
man.
At the same time, the myth handed down the memory of a time when a happy
order reigned in the world and man himself enjoyed a privileged status
; both things that are lost due to a
disorder, a disturbance, a fall that cracked
the original layout, but note that the myth is able to recover, at least partially
, enabling human beings to reconnect to that
successful original condition.
In this sense, it is fair to say that myth seeks to reintegrate
man in his ontological fullness and that reintegration takes
forms and the prospect of an elevation, ie a
overcome its present condition, limited and precarious to develop and strengthen
him in the higher faculties, including that of
talk to property, plants, animals and, therefore, to have closer ties
magic that keep in balance the cosmic forces.
The myth is also linked from this side to shamanism and
man opens the possibility to enter no more helpless as a bystander or victim
resigned, but as a true protagonist in the game
of these cosmic forces, from which it can draw power It is possible that
in the ordinary state of existence, are unimaginable for him. Finally, the myth
outlines a sacral conception of reality, a
conception, namely, that, clothed in mystery and power
elements of the cosmos, there is the polar opposite of our secular culture and
its claim to understand everything, to explain everything, to measure and quantify everything
, in the light of the Logos instrumental and calculative.
The myth, in fact, is not simply knowledge of reality, but
revelation and, as such, requires a corpus of doctrines
esoteric that only the time and manner established
can be transmitted from generation to generation, he was of the human upper
; what is proper under the name of tradition. Recognizing a Tradition
superhuman, from which they derive much
the cosmic order, when the doctrines that allow initiation
man to see it, to respect and to stand in line with it, the myth
there is, indeed, as a form of approach to the real
radically different, and antagonist, compared to that which we moderns
we become so accustomed to consider the only true and
effective.
One thing is certain: until they drop from the pedestal of our
scientistic presumption, we can not understand anything about the myth and continue
or denigrate, or idealize,
never penetrate the inner essence.
that can not be captured in such schemes only logical and scientific
, such as those which we have lived four centuries of rationalism
materialistic and mechanistic, but that requires a leap, a discontinuity in our
attitude toward reality, which
involving not only the Logos, but all of our faculty, beginning
the internal senses and the potential slumbering soul.
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
Td Banknorth Garden Seating General Admission
finance is devouring everything
finance is devouring what remains of our planet
Massimo Fini - 15/11/2010
Source: Massimo Fini
China is overtaking the United States as the first economic power
the world. To be Chinese star would be happy. Instead its
the Chinese will be the most ripped off. After paying the huge prices
"take off" industrially, and offered to this Moloch the usual
human sacrifices (In today's China, suicide is the leading cause of death among young
and third among adults) will excel in their
when the model of economic development, and global free trade, which have recently joined
will be going to pieces .
have arrived too late.
Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti, in an interview with Corriere
last winter have leaked between the lines that
within three years we can expect another hit like
"subprime". The
said in a veiled way, while stressing that the financial values \u200b\u200b
have returned to be those of three years ago, before the crack,
in the world today are issued every second billion dollars or euro in
debt. In other words, we pat the crisis
entering the system does not exist any more money, more toxic
of toxic securities. We are drug addicts because the horse already doped
face a few more steps forward. But sooner or later the final collapse comes
overdose. It may not be that suggested by Tremonti
in three years but the next or the next one yet, but it sure will
. There will be the collapse of the world of money,
of the 'paper economy "as he called in a famous essay of 1964
prescient American David T. Bazelon which, incidentally, was not
an economist but an intellectual. And when the people of the city
find that the cement can not eat and drink the oil pour
desperate in the country, what little there is left,
coming to blows khalashnikov rejected by those who, wisely, not
to have abandoned. Drawing apocalyptic scenarios of the rest
eighty years before the Indian chief Tatanga Jotanka Bazelon,
aka Sitting Bull, "he warned," When will
the last river poisoned, shot down the last tree, caught the 'last bison
the last fish caught, only then they realize they can not eat
the money accumulated in their banks. "
Money, in its very essence," future ",
representation of the future, bet on the future, reviving the inexhaustible future
simulation of the future use of this. But we have spent
movement in such a colossal amount of money by mortgaging the future to this
temporal regions so far as to make it stellar,
in fact, exist. Sooner or later this future, pregnant
immense debt of which we have loaded, dilated
and a monstrous dream from our folly and our imagination, we will fall on him like
dramatic present. All the currents of thought,
while both minority, we have reasoned above (U.S. include:
bioregionalism and the new EU citizens) talk, to avoid the apocalypse
next venture, a return to "gradual, limited and
rational" forms of self- and consumption that go
necessarily for a return to earth and
drastic downsizing of the industrial, financial and virtual.
The Chinese have abandoned the land in favor of industrialization and
free market at the wrong time. Will be first when it will be
more sense.
finance is devouring what remains of our planet
Massimo Fini - 15/11/2010
Source: Massimo Fini
China is overtaking the United States as the first economic power
the world. To be Chinese star would be happy. Instead its
the Chinese will be the most ripped off. After paying the huge prices
"take off" industrially, and offered to this Moloch the usual
human sacrifices (In today's China, suicide is the leading cause of death among young
and third among adults) will excel in their
when the model of economic development, and global free trade, which have recently joined
will be going to pieces .
have arrived too late.
Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti, in an interview with Corriere
last winter have leaked between the lines that
within three years we can expect another hit like
"subprime". The
said in a veiled way, while stressing that the financial values \u200b\u200b
have returned to be those of three years ago, before the crack,
in the world today are issued every second billion dollars or euro in
debt. In other words, we pat the crisis
entering the system does not exist any more money, more toxic
of toxic securities. We are drug addicts because the horse already doped
face a few more steps forward. But sooner or later the final collapse comes
overdose. It may not be that suggested by Tremonti
in three years but the next or the next one yet, but it sure will
. There will be the collapse of the world of money,
of the 'paper economy "as he called in a famous essay of 1964
prescient American David T. Bazelon which, incidentally, was not
an economist but an intellectual. And when the people of the city
find that the cement can not eat and drink the oil pour
desperate in the country, what little there is left,
coming to blows khalashnikov rejected by those who, wisely, not
to have abandoned. Drawing apocalyptic scenarios of the rest
eighty years before the Indian chief Tatanga Jotanka Bazelon,
aka Sitting Bull, "he warned," When will
the last river poisoned, shot down the last tree, caught the 'last bison
the last fish caught, only then they realize they can not eat
the money accumulated in their banks. "
Money, in its very essence," future ",
representation of the future, bet on the future, reviving the inexhaustible future
simulation of the future use of this. But we have spent
movement in such a colossal amount of money by mortgaging the future to this
temporal regions so far as to make it stellar,
in fact, exist. Sooner or later this future, pregnant
immense debt of which we have loaded, dilated
and a monstrous dream from our folly and our imagination, we will fall on him like
dramatic present. All the currents of thought,
while both minority, we have reasoned above (U.S. include:
bioregionalism and the new EU citizens) talk, to avoid the apocalypse
next venture, a return to "gradual, limited and
rational" forms of self- and consumption that go
necessarily for a return to earth and
drastic downsizing of the industrial, financial and virtual.
The Chinese have abandoned the land in favor of industrialization and
free market at the wrong time. Will be first when it will be
more sense.
Monday, November 15, 2010
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
Shutter Speed On Point And Shoot
The spider
On the way back from Killen Fallen, my Czech friend arrampincandosi proceed quickly with his long levers. I can hardly follow him, trudging along, but do not give up. At one point I see the figure of Thomas stop and start screaming. From behind the cry: "What happened?" He turns, with a smile on his face and he replies: "I found, I found it! I found my spider! Look! "I'm waved and moved slightly on the side, I try to focus the point that I was pointing to Thomas and, finally, I get a sharp image of a spider (huge spider!), Of various colors, leaning its web, waiting for some prey. Thomas was hitting against us, probably I, being more 'low, I would have passed over without even realizing it. Between the excitement of my disbelief and Thomas' shot a series of photos to witness the event, and Thomas now tells me: "I have to go, absolutely your photos. Now remains for me to see a large snake and then are fine. " And the phrase 'thrown out' as a child would do a little 'brat in search of adventure in the woods around his home and reminded me that I was that kid while I ventured with Nicholas, my cousin and Shoeshine, my dog \u200b\u200bover the garden the grandmother's house in the country. I still remember when they climbed over the wall and we head to the fields with the pretext of searching for mushrooms or asparagus. I remember one day when we ventured in for a real estate ' where we had never set foot 'cause my grandmother had always told us that if we went to those places, the owner would have fired his gun: it seems like it was a particularly grumpy. But we do that afternoon, at the expense of my grandmother's warnings, we ventured past the bushes, 'cause all we were told that in those places we found some delicious strawberries. I still remember when we got to the pool: Shoeshine freezes 'and stopped wagging his tail as if he sensed knows' what and Nicola and I were completely surprised by the discovery of an unknown location within walking distance from home. Looking back and visit that place in my memory the most 'recent, in fact,' it is only a small pool of water, but at that moment, the evening during the season of fireflies, it seemed an enchanted lake.
On the way back from Killen Fallen, my Czech friend arrampincandosi proceed quickly with his long levers. I can hardly follow him, trudging along, but do not give up. At one point I see the figure of Thomas stop and start screaming. From behind the cry: "What happened?" He turns, with a smile on his face and he replies: "I found, I found it! I found my spider! Look! "I'm waved and moved slightly on the side, I try to focus the point that I was pointing to Thomas and, finally, I get a sharp image of a spider (huge spider!), Of various colors, leaning its web, waiting for some prey. Thomas was hitting against us, probably I, being more 'low, I would have passed over without even realizing it. Between the excitement of my disbelief and Thomas' shot a series of photos to witness the event, and Thomas now tells me: "I have to go, absolutely your photos. Now remains for me to see a large snake and then are fine. " And the phrase 'thrown out' as a child would do a little 'brat in search of adventure in the woods around his home and reminded me that I was that kid while I ventured with Nicholas, my cousin and Shoeshine, my dog \u200b\u200bover the garden the grandmother's house in the country. I still remember when they climbed over the wall and we head to the fields with the pretext of searching for mushrooms or asparagus. I remember one day when we ventured in for a real estate ' where we had never set foot 'cause my grandmother had always told us that if we went to those places, the owner would have fired his gun: it seems like it was a particularly grumpy. But we do that afternoon, at the expense of my grandmother's warnings, we ventured past the bushes, 'cause all we were told that in those places we found some delicious strawberries. I still remember when we got to the pool: Shoeshine freezes 'and stopped wagging his tail as if he sensed knows' what and Nicola and I were completely surprised by the discovery of an unknown location within walking distance from home. Looking back and visit that place in my memory the most 'recent, in fact,' it is only a small pool of water, but at that moment, the evening during the season of fireflies, it seemed an enchanted lake.
Sunday, October 3, 2010
Swimming With Chickenpox
Thomas Killen Falls
Many I spoke of a waterfall near the farm, but no one had been able to indicate precisely where it was. Thomas's arrival I had talked extensively about the fact find this place now entered into my imagination, but 'without reference location. During one of my days off, needing to go to Ballina to activate my mobile broadband, at a good pace, with a bright sun to keep me company, I made my way hitchhiking. Needless to say after five minutes I was stops on the way an old man with his sedan. I asked, "Where are you going?" And I said, "Ballina" and he says, "Jump in" Henry and a man of about eighty, who a few months ago he lost his wife suffering from pancreatic cancer. I tell him that my Uncle Nino, the brother of my mother, unfortunately, found to have the same disease a few months ago and is struggling through chemo and various therapies. Henry looks at me disheartened and continues telling that he had spent fifty-five years without ever separating from his partner. Now he was left alone and was dedicated to volunteering in the local parish in Ballina. Then he says: "Have you visited the Fallen Killen? Are close to Tintenbar and your farm! " I ask him to show me the exact spot on the map. Henry welcomed back to the farm and talk extensively with possibility of Thomas' the next day to organize a small expedition to explore the Fallen Killen. Thomas and willingly accepts the following morning after our yoga exercises we are moving towards the coveted goal. After two hours' walk brings us to the road signs at the entrance to a dirt road in front of which stands a sign: "Killen Fallen."
We enter into the undergrowth to our left feeling flow a river. A few minutes later we arrive at a river bank and opens before us a wonderful show: the bed of the river is suddenly cut off as by a magnet ' and the natural stream of water falls as its bed cut in two. A descent of a hundred yards and then a natural pool surrounded by mature trees placed as guardians of the waterfall. Entice us to look at the panorama that unfolds before us. Thomas cried out of happiness' and I see myself smiling like a child. After a descent through the woods for about ten minutes we arrive in the Killen Fallen them 'we realize that we have entered a magical place. The water is 'cold, but that' can not stop us from taking a dip and enjoy the feeling of being completely fused with the nature that surrounds us. We spend the morning exploring this paradise. Before you turn away and go home one last look, one last photo to remember.
Many I spoke of a waterfall near the farm, but no one had been able to indicate precisely where it was. Thomas's arrival I had talked extensively about the fact find this place now entered into my imagination, but 'without reference location. During one of my days off, needing to go to Ballina to activate my mobile broadband, at a good pace, with a bright sun to keep me company, I made my way hitchhiking. Needless to say after five minutes I was stops on the way an old man with his sedan. I asked, "Where are you going?" And I said, "Ballina" and he says, "Jump in" Henry and a man of about eighty, who a few months ago he lost his wife suffering from pancreatic cancer. I tell him that my Uncle Nino, the brother of my mother, unfortunately, found to have the same disease a few months ago and is struggling through chemo and various therapies. Henry looks at me disheartened and continues telling that he had spent fifty-five years without ever separating from his partner. Now he was left alone and was dedicated to volunteering in the local parish in Ballina. Then he says: "Have you visited the Fallen Killen? Are close to Tintenbar and your farm! " I ask him to show me the exact spot on the map. Henry welcomed back to the farm and talk extensively with possibility of Thomas' the next day to organize a small expedition to explore the Fallen Killen. Thomas and willingly accepts the following morning after our yoga exercises we are moving towards the coveted goal. After two hours' walk brings us to the road signs at the entrance to a dirt road in front of which stands a sign: "Killen Fallen."
We enter into the undergrowth to our left feeling flow a river. A few minutes later we arrive at a river bank and opens before us a wonderful show: the bed of the river is suddenly cut off as by a magnet ' and the natural stream of water falls as its bed cut in two. A descent of a hundred yards and then a natural pool surrounded by mature trees placed as guardians of the waterfall. Entice us to look at the panorama that unfolds before us. Thomas cried out of happiness' and I see myself smiling like a child. After a descent through the woods for about ten minutes we arrive in the Killen Fallen them 'we realize that we have entered a magical place. The water is 'cold, but that' can not stop us from taking a dip and enjoy the feeling of being completely fused with the nature that surrounds us. We spend the morning exploring this paradise. Before you turn away and go home one last look, one last photo to remember.
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